JCBeliever said:
What exactly is Dungeons and Dragons? How does the game work?
Dungeons & Dragons (henceforth, "D&D") is a role-playing game. This means it's a game in which players play roles.
This is a very confusing point, for many people who have never seen it. A lot of the language used ("assume the role of...") may lead people to think that players somehow think they "are" the characters; a couple of badly done TV movies in the 80s helped contribute to this theory.
D&D is rooted in a tactical wargame, and still has a strong tactical component. Characters in most games spend a great deal of their time trying to defeat enemies on the battlefield. However, this is not always the case; some games revolve entirely around politics or social affairs, or exploration, or archeology.
Many attempts at playing "make-believe" bog down in arguments. "I shot you!" "Did not!" "Did so!" "Well, you missed!" "No, I'm a really good shot!" D&D, and most other roleplaying games, resolve these by adding game mechanics. Just as Monopoly has rules for how to move tokens, and when you can buy a house, D&D has rules for how effectively a character swings a sword or tries to pick a lock.
So. The way D&D generally works is that one player is the "dungeon master" (early D&D revolved mostly around adventures set in underground locations with lots of monsters, often now referred to as "dungeon crawls"). The Dungeon Master creates a setting, much like the setting for a book or a play. (In fact, many of the games I've been in have been set in worlds taken from my wife's fantasy novels.) The Dungeon Master will take on the roles of almost everyone in this setting. The players create characters - people who are in the setting.
Then, the characters take actions, and the setting reacts. Or, to put it another way, the game master tells the players what happens, and the players say what they do about it.
That's it.
You'll notice I don't mention magic. Magic is a part of most D&D
settings, but not a part of D&D
games. In other words, no one playing D&D is "casting spells" or studying occult texts. They may describe the actions of characters who do these things, but they don't do any such things themselves, nor do most of them believe such things possible.
There are no "real spells", there is no hidden secret occultism in the game, there is no basis in real-world magical systems, etcetera. That's all stuff made up by people with poor reading comprehension or just outright liars.