It is a wonderful curiosity how the program of DNA has within it the means to preserve its own integrity. The production of the very enzymes that preserve the intended program and protect it from random mutations is amazing in that even in the earliest Eukaryotes this protection and repair program is already functional and in place. All laymen should view at least these...
Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair – Professor Dave
Error Corrections in DNA pt 1: Guard Against Random Mutations
In Molecular Biology of the Cell (5th ed.), New York: WH Freeman, p. 963, by Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, and Darnell (2004), tell us that between 10,000 to 1,000,000 damage or mutation events occur daily in each cell. Of the 6 billion bases these could affect, this constitutes a rate of approximately 0.000165% of the human genome. In response there are over 100 cellular enzymes at work constantly repairing any sequence change leaving resulting damage almost nill.
Permanent base pair mutations are so unlikely, that only around 1 in 10,000,000,000 remain unrepaired. That means there is only a 0.00000001% chance of a single base pair mutation remaining and having its effect! When this does occur (and it does), in almost every case, it is detrimental or neutral.
The numbers of those that possibly remain and have a positive effect that could be “selected” (so to speak) to remain, are even more rare than this incredibly small number. From the perspective of probability it is almost impossible (but can and does occur).
So what we see here is that not only does DNA contain a powerfully effective pre-coded plan to produce all that the organism will become (every organ, system, and their interactions) but has a system in place from its own beginning (enzymes it itself codes for thereafter) to assure that this specific organism will result. DNA fulfills its purpose so predictably that it is not reasonable in my opinion to assume that it came about via random mutations over time. Random mutations are an effect that still occurs and mostly destroys but it is not a cause. The reality had to already exist in order to be mutated.
What are your thoughts?
Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair – Professor Dave
Error Corrections in DNA pt 1: Guard Against Random Mutations
In Molecular Biology of the Cell (5th ed.), New York: WH Freeman, p. 963, by Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, and Darnell (2004), tell us that between 10,000 to 1,000,000 damage or mutation events occur daily in each cell. Of the 6 billion bases these could affect, this constitutes a rate of approximately 0.000165% of the human genome. In response there are over 100 cellular enzymes at work constantly repairing any sequence change leaving resulting damage almost nill.
Permanent base pair mutations are so unlikely, that only around 1 in 10,000,000,000 remain unrepaired. That means there is only a 0.00000001% chance of a single base pair mutation remaining and having its effect! When this does occur (and it does), in almost every case, it is detrimental or neutral.
The numbers of those that possibly remain and have a positive effect that could be “selected” (so to speak) to remain, are even more rare than this incredibly small number. From the perspective of probability it is almost impossible (but can and does occur).
So what we see here is that not only does DNA contain a powerfully effective pre-coded plan to produce all that the organism will become (every organ, system, and their interactions) but has a system in place from its own beginning (enzymes it itself codes for thereafter) to assure that this specific organism will result. DNA fulfills its purpose so predictably that it is not reasonable in my opinion to assume that it came about via random mutations over time. Random mutations are an effect that still occurs and mostly destroys but it is not a cause. The reality had to already exist in order to be mutated.
What are your thoughts?