This is where you, and most everyone else here misses the boat. Certainly considered by itself that fact that Joseph Smith got it right that there were elephants in the Americas is not all that impressive. He could have simply guessed and got it right. The problem arises when you start to look at all the different things that Jospeh Smith got right in the Book of Mormon and then it begins to become statistically impossible for Joseph Smith to guessed them all correctly.
What were some of the things that Joseph got right you ask? Well I'm glad you asked. Let me give you a summary of 18 points that Joseph got right in the BofM. Again, as I said, any of these examined by themselves in isolation my not be all that impressive and could have been guessed by Joseph. But when you look at them in their totality, the probability of Joseph guessing each one of them correctly becomes statistically improbable. These 18 points came from a speach given by Dr. John. E. Clark, a very respected MesoAmerican archaeologist.
1. The first archaeological claims related to the Book of Mormon concern the facts of September 22, 1827, the actuality of metal plates preserved in a stone box. This used to be considered a monstrous tale, but concealing metal records in stone boxes is now a documented Old World practice. Stone offering boxes have also been discovered in Mesoamerica.
2. The warfare described in the book differs from what Joseph could have known or imagined. In the book, one reads of fortified cities with ditches, walls, and palisades. Mesoamerican cities dated to Nephite times have been found with all these features.
3. The Book of Mormon mentions bows and arrows, swords, slings, scimitars, clubs, spears, shields, breastplates, helmets, and cotton armorall items documented from Mesoamerica.
4. Aztec swords were of wood, sometimes edged with stone knives. There are indications of wooden swords in the Book of Mormon. How else could swords become stained with blood? Wooden swords could sever heads and limbs and were lethal.
5. The practice of taking detached arms as battle trophies, as in the story of Ammon, is also documented from Mesoamerica.
6. The final battle at Cumorah involved staggering numbers of troops and of Nephite battle units of 10,000. Aztec documents described armies of over 200,000 warriors, also divided into command units of 10,000.
7. Mesoamerica is a land of decomposing cities with their pyramids or towers, temples, and palacesall items mentioned in the Book of Mormon but foreign to the gossip along the Erie Canal in Joseph Smiths day.
8. Cities show up in all the right places and for the predicted times.
9. One of the more unusual and specific claims in the Book of Mormon is that houses and cities of cement were built by 49 B.C. in the land northward, a claim considered ridiculous in 1830. As it turns out, it receives remarkable confirmation at Teotihuacan, the largest pre-Columbian city ever built in the Americas. Teotihuacan is still covered with ancient cement that has lasted over 1500 years.
10. All Book of Mormon peoples had kings who ruled cities and territories. American prejudices of native tribes in Josephs day had no room for kings or their tyrannies. These were crazy claims.
11. The last Jaredite king, Coriantumr, carved his history on a stone about 300 B.C., an event in line with Mesoamerican practices at that time.
12. A particular gem in the book is that King Benjamin labored with his own hands, an outrageous thing for Joseph Smith to claim for a king. It was not until the 1960s that anthropology caught up to the idea of working kings and validated it among world cultures.
13. Even more specific, consider Riplakish, the tenth Jaredite king, an oppressive tyrant who forced slaves to construct buildings and produce fancy goods. Among the items he commissioned about 1200 B.C. was an exceedingly beautiful throne. The earliest civilization in Mesoamerica is known for its elaborate stone thrones. How did Joseph Smith get this detail right?
14. A correspondence that has always impressed me involves prophecies in 400-year blocks. The Maya were obsessed with time, and they carved precise dates on their stone monuments that began with a count of 400 years, an interval called a bactun. Each bactun was made up of twenty katuns, an extremely important twenty-year interval. If you will permit me some liberties with the text, Samuel the Lamanite warned the Nephites that one bactun shall not pass away before they would be smitten. Nephi and Alma uttered the same bactun prophecy, and Moroni recorded its fulfillment. Moroni bids us farewell just after the first katun of this final bactun, or 420 years since the sign was given of the coming of Christ. What are the chances of Joseph Smith guessing correctly the vigesimal system of timekeeping and prophesying among the Maya.
15. Kent Brown and others have shown, the geography of the Arabian peninsula described in First Nephi is precise down to its place names. The remarkable geographic fit includes numerous details unknown in Joseph Smiths day.
16. In checking correlations between the Book of Mormon and Mesoamerican archaeology, I focus on the rise and decline of cities. The earliest known Olmec city was up and running by 1300 B.C., and it was preceded by a large community dating back to 1700 B.C. Most Olmec cities were abandoned about 400 B.C., probably under duress. In eastern Mesoamerica, Olmec civilization was replaced by the lowland Maya, who began building cities in the jungles of Guatemala about 500 to 400 B.C. As with Olmec civilization, Maya civilization experienced peaks and troughs of development, with a mini-collapse about 200 A.D. In short, the correspondences between the Book of Mormon and cycles of Mesoamerican civilization are striking.
17. Could millions of people have lived in the area proposed as Book of Mormon lands [Mesoamerica]? Yes, and they did. Mesoamerica is the only area in the Americas that sustained the high population densities mentioned in the Book of Mormon and for the time period specified.
18. The earliest developments of the Jaredites and Olmecs are hazy; but from about 1500 B.C. onward, their histories are remarkably parallel. The alternations between city building and population declines described for the Jaredites correspond quite well with lowland Olmec developments. Olmec cities were abandoned by 400 B.C., and the culture disappeared, just as the Book of Mormon describes for the Jaredites. This is a phenomenal correlation.
Reconstructing ancient demography requires detailed information on site sizes, locations, dates, and frequencies. It will take another fifty years to compile enough information to reconstruct Mesoamericas complete demographic history.
For even a more impressive discussion of *Hits* that Joseph Smith got right, please see the book, "Echoes and Evidences of the Book of Mormon" edited by by Donald W. Parry, Daniel C. Peterson, John W. Welch.
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