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Determining Reality

guitarmonster

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Santa clause was actually real. He was created as cover for a covert CIA spy mission where agents dressed like santa's would enter their target's homes and plant "presents" built with surveillance transmitters.

"He's making a list, checking it twice"

The "list" is a list of targets that have been determined as possible enemies, wherefore bugs would be planted by agents. "Checking it twice" is code for this list being first encrypted by using a one time pad with a completely random and unique cipher key, the receiving agent or "santa" receives the encrypted message and decrypts it through his one time pad, hence the "checking it twice". If you are a sleeper santa agent, you would listen for this song to know that the time to receive your orders from your handler would be soon.

"gonna find out who's naughty or nice"

Here we have the effects of surveillance, we find out who is on our side and who is with the enemy.

"santa clause is coming to town"

This is the warning, after the naughty are found out, he is coming to town to take them out

"He sees you when your sleeping, he knows when your awake"

Ok now santa don't look so nice and jolly does he?
 
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Ana the Ist

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Santa clause was actually real. He was created as cover for a covert CIA spy mission where agents dressed like santa's would enter their target's homes and plant "presents" built with surveillance transmitters.

"He's making a list, checking it twice"

The "list" is a list of targets that have been determined as possible enemies, wherefore bugs would be planted by agents. "Checking it twice" is code for this list being first encrypted by using a one time pad with a completely random and unique cipher key, the receiving agent or "santa" receives the encrypted message and decrypts it through his one time pad, hence the "checking it twice". If you are a sleeper santa agent, you would listen for this song to know that the time to receive your orders from your handler would be soon.

"gonna find out who's naughty or nice"

Here we have the effects of surveillance, we find out who is on our side and who is with the enemy.

"santa clause is coming to town"

This is the warning, after the naughty are found out, he is coming to town to take them out

"He sees you when your sleeping, he knows when your awake"

Ok now santa don't look so nice and jolly does he?

......ok
 
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guitarmonster

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Actually Santa is one of the many antichrists out there. Well more of a corporate scheme to boost sales, not sure if it started that way. I think that teaching children that santa is real for them only to find out later is detrimental to their emotions. It in someway shows the child that you cannot be trusted. So many Christians wonder why their kids get so rebellious when it comes to going to church and believing in God, why would you child believe you are telling the truth about God if you got caught lying about santa?
 
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Ana the Ist

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Actually Santa is one of the many antichrists out there. Well more of a corporate scheme to boost sales, not sure if it started that way. I think that teaching children that santa is real for them only to find out later is detrimental to their emotions. It in someway shows the child that you cannot be trusted. So many Christians wonder why their kids get so rebellious when it comes to going to church and believing in God, why would you child believe you are telling the truth about God if you got caught lying about santa?

If you think Santa has some dubious origins, you should look into Christmas.
 
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guitarmonster

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I'm actually kind of sad for you guitar. You don't seem capable of accepting the idea that there are people who don't believe as you do, and yet they live content, happy, fulfilling lives without Christ or the Holy spirit or any of that. Why do you think that it bothers you so? Is it because deep down you really doubt what is true and you're afraid what you might learn if you tried to understand what others believe?

No not at all. I did have the problem of not being able to accept the idea of other beliefs years ago, I have learned to quiet my spirit and trust in God. I was one of those "gotta save everyone" Christians, I was on a constant mission. I do understand that there are those who do live fulfilling lives without belief in God, and that they are experiencing peace. I pray for them because although they may have found peace in this life, there is another life to come. Once again that is an area that I have to trust in God for.

Between the two main groups of unbelievers you have the following:
1. The all together unbeliever - This is the one who has it all together, he doesn't have a religion, has a great life, a beautiful wife and three wonderful children. He lives every day of his life working a great job that he loves, and gets to go home to a loving family.

2. The all falling apart unbeliever - This is the drunk, got no job, lying, cheating, thieving unbeliever that has no peace, he hates himself, he's the opposite of number 1.

Both are unsaved, both are looked at equally by God as being lost.

Romans 3:23
For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God

The thing is, it is next to impossible for man #1 to ever accept the gift of salvation through Jesus Christ. Of course i'm sure you've heard many stories of the #2 man accepting him, because he FEELS a need through his own pain.

When I talk to someone who falls into the #2 category, they may not accept Christ right when their sitting there with me, but usually later on down the line something happens.

The #1 category will never feel the need to be saved since they have decided their salvation will be through their works.

My mother, who is literally one of the most wonderful women I have ever known, I don't think she has ever done anything bad to anyone in her life. She is far from accepting any God, very far. She actually believes that we all have powers within us. She cannot accept that we are all sinners, that there is none who are righteous.

I can tell you that I am not afraid at all to learn about anything you would have to throw at me. You can pm me every link to every page you have ever indexed for this subject and I will gladly look at what you have. I do not fear losing my faith one bit. Actually some may oppose me for saying this, but I watched Zeitgeist and Religulous. I noticed how Zeitgeist pointed out how all the religions of the world pointed to the same basic things. I listened intently to every word that Bill Maher said in his movie. Actually I thought his movie was great, I don't think he was trying to slam down God's church at all, he was just boldly asking for answers. I will always admire those who want to seek knowledge, and those who want to share it. You know what I didn't like, i didn't like the Christians who slammed their doors in his face, shame on them. If he knocked on my door he would be welcome to stay and talk as long as he wanted. Remember that Bill also exposed an antichrist in that movie. That nut job that has some website where he declares that he is the antichrist and he told Bill Maher that he was the Messiah. I don't think that he is the Antichrist but I was really proud that Bill found that.

I believe that dinosaurs existed, does that mean I can't believe in God?
 
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Ana the Ist

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No not at all. I did have the problem of not being able to accept the idea of other beliefs years ago, I have learned to quiet my spirit and trust in God. I was one of those "gotta save everyone" Christians, I was on a constant mission. I do understand that there are those who do live fulfilling lives without belief in God, and that they are experiencing peace. I pray for them because although they may have found peace in this life, there is another life to come. Once again that is an area that I have to trust in God for.

Between the two main groups of unbelievers you have the following:
1. The all together unbeliever - This is the one who has it all together, he doesn't have a religion, has a great life, a beautiful wife and three wonderful children. He lives every day of his life working a great job that he loves, and gets to go home to a loving family.

2. The all falling apart unbeliever - This is the drunk, got no job, lying, cheating, thieving unbeliever that has no peace, he hates himself, he's the opposite of number 1.

Both are unsaved, both are looked at equally by God as being lost.

Romans 3:23
For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God

The thing is, it is next to impossible for man #1 to ever accept the gift of salvation through Jesus Christ. Of course i'm sure you've heard many stories of the #2 man accepting him, because he FEELS a need through his own pain.

When I talk to someone who falls into the #2 category, they may not accept Christ right when their sitting there with me, but usually later on down the line something happens.

The #1 category will never feel the need to be saved since they have decided their salvation will be through their works.

My mother, who is literally one of the most wonderful women I have ever known, I don't think she has ever done anything bad to anyone in her life. She is far from accepting any God, very far. She actually believes that we all have powers within us. She cannot accept that we are all sinners, that there is none who are righteous.

I can tell you that I am not afraid at all to learn about anything you would have to throw at me. You can pm me every link to every page you have ever indexed for this subject and I will gladly look at what you have. I do not fear losing my faith one bit. Actually some may oppose me for saying this, but I watched Zeitgeist and Religulous. I noticed how Zeitgeist pointed out how all the religions of the world pointed to the same basic things. I listened intently to every word that Bill Maher said in his movie. Actually I thought his movie was great, I don't think he was trying to slam down God's church at all, he was just boldly asking for answers. I will always admire those who want to seek knowledge, and those who want to share it. You know what I didn't like, i didn't like the Christians who slammed their doors in his face, shame on them. If he knocked on my door he would be welcome to stay and talk as long as he wanted. Remember that Bill also exposed an antichrist in that movie. That nut job that has some website where he declares that he is the antichrist and he told Bill Maher that he was the Messiah. I don't think that he is the Antichrist but I was really proud that Bill found that.

I believe that dinosaurs existed, does that mean I can't believe in God?

You know, here on CF I've noticed something about believers...

Between the two main groups of believers you have the following: 1. The all together believer - This is the one who has it all together, he does have a religion, has a great life, a beautiful wife and three wonderful children. He lives every day of his life working a great job that he loves, and gets to go home to a loving family.

2. The all falling apart believer - This is the drunk, got no job, lying, cheating, thieving believer that has no peace, he hates himself, he's the opposite of number 1.

WHile the first type will probably never consider atheism as true, the second type is far more open to the idea of atheism.
 
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oi_antz

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Welcome back Antz!

Don't be so hard on Raze, he's harmless. He may come off as angry sometimes, but deep down I think he has a genuine interest in the truth. Why else would he keep coming to my threads?

You misread me again! You don't care what others say do you? Why not read what Ray said and which I recommended. Here, I'll post it again:

"That you have no evidence for this, is proof positive that you never got anywhere with the Bible, or with Christianity."

The only reason Ray comes to your threads is because he is patient enough to engage you. I, on the other hand, won't take your abuse. I have not come back to the thread, I have simply echoed what Ray said so you might notice it.
 
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food4thought

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So here we reach basically the end of the discussion of the beginning of the universe. Your position, as I understand it, is that an incomprehensible god existed in an incomprehensible state and then created the universe in a manner incomprehensible to us. In spite of the incomprehensibility of this explanation, you're certain its true.

I already agreed that our discussion should move on. I have simply stated that eternity is a state of being that is beyond our human capacity to fully grasp. I it so hard for you to accept that the human capacity for understanding timelessness is limited by our timebound mentality?

I, on the other hand, believe in the big bang, believe that a singularity existed (as is the consensus, regardless of its form) and although I'm not certain, I believe its possible that singularity existed in some form for eternity. Now, because my answer leaves some things open to question, you believe its no more valid, or less valid, than your answer.

If you cannot see that an infinite regress in time or a timeless existence for the Big Bang singularity is also incomprehehensible, I don't think we should bother continuing our discussion at all. I'll even drop the whole thing about a singularity itself being ultimately absurd, even though a growing number of physicists would agree that a singularity is only the mathematical equivalent of a Windows error message.

However, your answer doesn't even require any further explanation (because its incomprehensible). While the basis for my answer is arguably the deepest understanding science has of our universe, the basis of yours is...the bible. Is that a correct assessment of where we are at?

My answer does not preclude the search for understanding, it simply acknowledges human limitations in that search. I don't know exactly what the basis for your answer is, because you've only given generalities about believing the scientific explanation. As presented, yours is an argument from scientific authority. As presented, mine is basically an argument from Biblical authority. Ultimately neither argument has empirical proof.
 
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Ana the Ist

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You misread me again! You don't care what others say do you? Why not read what Ray said and which I recommended. Here, I'll post it again:

"That you have no evidence for this, is proof positive that you never got anywhere with the Bible, or with Christianity."

The only reason Ray comes to your threads is because he is patient enough to engage you. I, on the other hand, won't take your abuse. I have not come back to the thread, I have simply echoed what Ray said so you might notice it.

Well then, I would suggest that you read the posts preceding the ones you respond to next time before you rush to judgement. Food4thought never posted any evidence of his statements, so I was completely justified in pointing that out. Raze was upset by that, so he made his angry little rant against me.

Now, if food4thought comes back to post some evidence of what he said, we can discuss its merit, but if he doesn't, Raze's statements will continue to be baseless. You seem to have continued a trend on this thread. The trend of jumping in and commenting on someone's post when you have no idea what they were talking about.
 
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Ana the Ist

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I already agreed that our discussion should move on. I have simply stated that eternity is a state of being that is beyond our human capacity to fully grasp. I it so hard for you to accept that the human capacity for understanding timelessness is limited by our timebound mentality?



If you cannot see that an infinite regress in time or a timeless existence for the Big Bang singularity is also incomprehehensible, I don't think we should bother continuing our discussion at all. I'll even drop the whole thing about a singularity itself being ultimately absurd, even though a growing number of physicists would agree that a singularity is only the mathematical equivalent of a Windows error message.



My answer does not preclude the search for understanding, it simply acknowledges human limitations in that search. I don't know exactly what the basis for your answer is, because you've only given generalities about believing the scientific explanation. As presented, yours is an argument from scientific authority. As presented, mine is basically an argument from Biblical authority. Ultimately neither argument has empirical proof.

"I it so hard for you to accept that the human capacity for understanding timelessness is limited by our timebound mentality?"
It is. A state of timelessness depends on time being a property of matter and not merely a concept doesn't it? We've agreed that the jury is out on that haven't we?

I don't equate "eternal" with "timeless" as I see no reason why something eternal cannot exist in time. Do you have any evidence about what a "growing number of physicists believe" regarding a singularity? I'm afraid my subscription to higher physics weekly has run out.

"Ultimately neither argument has empirical proof."
Are you saying the big bang has no empirical proof? Or that the singularity preceding it has no empirical proof...or both?

I reread the first link I gave to AlexBP and it helped me realize another good point. My beliefs begin with observation, then form a hypothesis which created speculation about evidence. When evidence was found confirming the big bang, it culminated in theory. Your belief, on the other hand, starts with an arbitrary assertion (god exists and created the universe) then uses deductive logic (incorrectly) to try and define a god that might work into the solution. Deductive logic should start with an observational fact, not try and shape the facts to fit the arbitrary assertion that you created to begin with.
 
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golgotha61

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I'm guessing you haven't read all the pages prior to these last few. If you had you might have noticed a link which explains that on the very next page after Tacitus mentions Christ, he calls these beliefs the "superstitions" of the Christians. From this we can be reasonably certain that he was simply relating what the Christians themselves believed, not something that was regarded as historical fact.
I did go to the link and there is only a statement without any documentation of what you claim. However, I did read from other sources that Tacitus was referring to things like the "Transfiguration" as superstition. He never denied the existence of the historical Christ, as a matter of fact, he supports it.

Your assertion that the authors of the bible were inspired by the Holy Spirit is unfounded and merely your opinion, not fact. Furthermore, I'm not aware of any part of the gospels that claims to be inspired by the Holy spurt and if you have a passage that says as much, I'd love to see it.
2 Timothy 3:16, and 2 Peter 1:21 attest to the fact that the Scriptures are God-breathed.

The New Testament Scriptures are equally inspired with the Old Testament Scriptures (2 Pet. 3:16). Peter places the letters of Paul on par with the “rest of the Scriptures.”





You are correct in saying that the scholars at the Jesus seminar didn't consider any supposed spiritual aspects of the writing of the bible. Instead, they took a purely academic and factual approach. However, this isn't a bad thing when trying to ascertain the truth.
The approach was anything but factual. It was born of the enlightenment and neo-orthodoxy. Both of which can not interpret or judge the Bible since, again, both divorce themselves from the Holy Spirit's work.

This is the problem with the criticisms of the atheist and the "Jesus seminar":
Because the Bible is God-breathed and therefore in an entirely different dimension from other literature, it is necessary that man receives God-given help in understanding the Bible (1 Cor. 2:11). Additionally, the unregenerate man’s sin-darkened mind cannot apprehend spiritual truths (1 Cor. 2:14). The work of illumination then is necessary to enable man to comprehend the Word of God (cf. Luke 24:44-45). Illumination can thus be defined as “the ministry of the Holy Spirit whereby He enlightens those who are in a right relationship with Him to comprehend the written Word of God.”

The Moody Handbook of Theology.
 
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AlexBP

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Well this explains a lot! You're getting your history from a sociologist of religion, not a historian. I couldn't understand why all your "facts" were wrong considering your education. I'm guessing Rodney Stark wasn't writing your textbooks in history class was he?
Cute. I posted a series of historical facts in post #123. Obviously those facts were fatal to your argument. Since you were not able to refute any of my facts, you instead chose a personal attack on the person who wrote the boko that I referenced. Since you know so much about logic and logical fallacies, you're doubtlessly familiar with the ad hominem fallacy, in which a debater attacks the person who says something, because the debater can't find any flaw in their argument. That's what you're engaging in here.

Furthermore, it's ridiculously hypocritical for you to complain about the fact that I cited a book written by a sociologist, when you have yet to cite anything at all that supports your view of history on any topic, despite many requests that you do so.

Reading your posts and seeing how your desperately attack anything that contains any trace of logic, reason, or evidence while relying entirely on insults makes me very glad that I'm not an atheist any longer.
 
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AlexBP

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I mentioned anecdotal evidence that there were those who believed in a flat earth, the link you provided gives two authors, then contends that "no one really believed them".
No, the article that I linked to does no such thing. Again, you said: "Would Columbus have sailed to the Americas if he accepted the beliefs of so many flat-earthers?" and when challenged you made clear: "For the record, its entirely likely that the majority of the population of Columbus' time did believe in a flat-earth." James Hannam's article clearly says that in Columbus' time belief in a spherical earth was the norm, and that the notion that Columbus had to deal with flat-earth believers came from a historical novel written centuries later. The fact that you're so absolutely certain of is therefore a fiction. Hannam does not mention any individual from Columbus' time who believed in a flat earth. In fact he mentions only two individuals who believed in a flat earth: Cosmas Indicopleustes and Lactantius. Both lived a thousand years before Columbus, so you can't possibly be referring to them in defense of your statement.

At this point, it would be a lot wiser for you to simply admit that you were wrong, rather than continuing to embarrass yourself by claiming to have support from sources which actually say the opposite of what you claim.

I can provide other references that the common man held this belief
I'll believe it when I see it.

As for the Flat-Earth Society, I did a little research, and found scriptural quotes from the founder which he bases his flat-earth beliefs upon. If you would provide me with an address, I'll request some material from him to be sent to you and you can judge for yourself his "seriousness".
Well I've searched for the name of the founder of the current society (Daniel Shelton) and the word "Bible" and didn't find any evidence. What did you find? Would you mind giving me a link? As for the question of his seriousness, I guess that can't be settled factually.
 
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Ana the Ist

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Cute. I posted a series of historical facts in post #123. Obviously those facts were fatal to your argument. Since you were not able to refute any of my facts, you instead chose a personal attack on the person who wrote the boko that I referenced. Since you know so much about logic and logical fallacies, you're doubtlessly familiar with the ad hominem fallacy, in which a debater attacks the person who says something, because the debater can't find any flaw in their argument. That's what you're engaging in here.

Furthermore, it's ridiculously hypocritical for you to complain about the fact that I cited a book written by a sociologist, when you have yet to cite anything at all that supports your view of history on any topic, despite many requests that you do so.

Reading your posts and seeing how your desperately attack anything that contains any trace of logic, reason, or evidence while relying entirely on insults makes me very glad that I'm not an atheist any longer.

THe historical "facts" you are referring to are easily refuted. I posted a link, which if you bothered to read, references actual historians and shows why Rodney is wrong in nearly every claim he makes about history. Also, pointing out that heis not a historian in a discussion about history is not an ad hominem. Sorry.

THe truth is the version of history you believe is at best religious propaganda, at worst an outright lie.
 
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Ana the Ist

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No, the article that I linked to does no such thing. Again, you said: "Would Columbus have sailed to the Americas if he accepted the beliefs of so many flat-earthers?" and when challenged you made clear: "For the record, its entirely likely that the majority of the population of Columbus' time did believe in a flat-earth." James Hannam's article clearly says that in Columbus' time belief in a spherical earth was the norm, and that the notion that Columbus had to deal with flat-earth believers came from a historical novel written centuries later. The fact that you're so absolutely certain of is therefore a fiction. Hannam does not mention any individual from Columbus' time who believed in a flat earth. In fact he mentions only two individuals who believed in a flat earth: Cosmas Indicopleustes and Lactantius. Both lived a thousand years before Columbus, so you can't possibly be referring to them in defense of your statement.

At this point, it would be a lot wiser for you to simply admit that you were wrong, rather than continuing to embarrass yourself by claiming to have support from sources which actually say the opposite of what you claim.

I'll believe it when I see it.


Well I've searched for the name of the founder of the current society (Daniel Shelton) and the word "Bible" and didn't find any evidence. What did you find? Would you mind giving me a link? As for the question of his seriousness, I guess that can't be settled factually.

" James Hannam's article clearly says that in Columbus' time belief in a spherical earth was the norm"....among the educated and scholarly, and since I know your version of history is already pretty far off, I'll just tell you outright that doesn't include the majority of the population.

" I'll believe it when I see it."
The Other World The Societies and Governments of the Moon (published 2 years posthumously in 1657) quotes St. Augustine as saying "that in his day and age the earth was as flat as a stove lid and that it floated on water like half of a sliced orange.

Virgil, sometimes bishop of Saltburg (as Aventinus anno 745 relates) by Bonifacius bishop of Mentz was therefore called in question, because he held antipodes (which they made a doubt whether Christ died for) and so by that means took away the seat of hell, or so contracted it, that it could bear no proportion to heaven, and contradicted that opinion of Austin [St. Augustine], Basil, Lactantius that held the earth round as a trencher (whom Acosta and common experience more largely confute) but not as a ball.

Another early mention in literature is Ludvig Holberg's comedy Erasmus Montanus (1723). Erasmus Montanus meets considerable opposition when he claims the Earth is round, since all the peasants hold it to be flat. He is not allowed to marry his fiancée until he cries "The earth is flat as a pancake".

The widely circulated engraving of a man poking his head through the firmament surroundingthe Earth to view the Empyrean, executed in the style of the 16th century was published in Camille Flammarion's L'Atmosphère: Météorologie Populaire (published much later) The engraving illustrates the statement in the text that a medieval missionary claimed that "he reached the horizon where the Earth and the heavens met".

Now, as I said before, the evidence is largely anecdotal. However, if you had read the links I posted in refuting Rodney Starks, you would've realized that Greek writings were considered pagan by the medieval church, and thus outlawed. The average peasant had no education to speak of which was a huge drop in overall education from Roman and Greek times. Even Charlamagne had remarked that his clergy didn't know enough Latin to understand the very bible they preached. Yet, somehow you seem sure that the entire population knew Greek and astronomy (which was also lost for about 600 years).

You're right about the current version of the Flat Earth Society not being biblically based. My information was written in 2000...and that version of the group's leader died in 2001. That's so long ago that I'm sure none of their 200 members still hold that belief lol. Nevertheless, the current group still advocates a flat-earth according to wiki. That is what you wanted proof of, and you got it.

Oops, I almost forgot. From your link...
Cosmas Indicopleustes, wrote a treatise on Christian Topology that included his flat Earth cosmology. Sure, he could read and write and all that, but I'm sure his views were in no way reflective of the common man of his day. ;)
Also, "Lactantius was another church father who did seem sure the earth was flat..."

It's interesting the contradictions that pervade your link. It mentions how the spherical earth was a Greek invention, later it mentions that commoners never read Cosmas because it was in Greek. It also claims that no one was persecuted for the idea of a spherical earth which was odd because " Bible itself implies the Earth is flat" (I do remember someone on this thread swearing this wasn't true....). Of course, there could be many reasons no record of such persecution existing. With the record the medieval church had of destroying anyone who had an idea that challenged orthodoxy ideas, I don't think I would make a big deal about the shape of the Earth either.

I'm almost certain that in spite of the references I gave you, you'll clutch onto the idea that everyone back then believed the Earth round. To be honest, it doesn't matter. It wasn't even important to the point I was trying to make. If anyone at all believed the Earth was flat, my point was still valid. If Columbus had accepted that person's beliefs based on their authority, progress would've been slowed. The same can be said of really anyone who advanced knowledge in any field throughout mankind.
 
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AlexBP

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" James Hannam's article clearly says that in Columbus' time belief in a spherical earth was the norm"....among the educated and scholarly, and since I know your version of history is already pretty far off, I'll just tell you outright that doesn't include the majority of the population.
Hannam's articles does not say that belief is a spherical earth was the norm among the education and scholarly only. It says that:

at the time everyone knew it was a globe and were arguing about how big it was. The idea that the uncouth people of the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat is an example of the myth that has been propagated since the nineteenth century to give us a quite unfair view of this vibrant and exciting period.
Since I have actually read Hannam's article, I know what it says. Therefore trying to mislead me about what it says will not accomplish anything.

The Other World The Societies and Governments of the Moon (published 2 years posthumously in 1657) quotes St. Augustine as saying "that in his day and age the earth was as flat as a stove lid and that it floated on water like half of a sliced orange.
The Other World: The Societies and Governments of the Moon is a novel in which the moon is inhabited by flying monkeys who do chemistry. Do you honestly think that's a completely trustworthy source?

(For the record, St. Augustine said explicitly that the earth was round. You can look it up in City Of God XVI:9 if you need to. Anyone who claims that Augustine believed the earth to be flat is therefore wrong.)

Virgil, sometimes bishop of Saltburg (as Aventinus anno 745 relates) by Bonifacius bishop of Mentz was therefore called in question, because he held antipodes (which they made a doubt whether Christ died for) and so by that means took away the seat of hell, or so contracted it, that it could bear no proportion to heaven, and contradicted that opinion of Austin [St. Augustine], Basil, Lactantius that held the earth round as a trencher (whom Acosta and common experience more largely confute) but not as a ball.
This is so garbled that I can't even figure out what you're trying to say. Is there actual evidence that anyone in Columbus' time believed that the earth was flat? If so, why don't you give a proper citation for that evidence.

Another early mention in literature is Ludvig Holberg's comedy Erasmus Montanus (1723). Erasmus Montanus meets considerable opposition when he claims the Earth is round, since all the peasants hold it to be flat. He is not allowed to marry his fiancée until he cries "The earth is flat as a pancake".
That's a work of fiction.

The widely circulated engraving of a man poking his head through the firmament surroundingthe Earth to view the Empyrean, executed in the style of the 16th century was published in Camille Flammarion's L'Atmosphère: Météorologie Populaire (published much later) The engraving illustrates the statement in the text that a medieval missionary claimed that "he reached the horizon where the Earth and the heavens met".
Which proves what? That only proves that people in the 19th century believed that medievals believed that the earth was flat. We already knew that many people of the 19th century were ignorant in that way. It doesn't give us any reason to actually believe that medievals believed that the earth was flat.

Now, as I said before, the evidence is largely anecdotal.
It looks to be more like fictional than annecdotal.
 
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AlexBP

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However, if you had read the links I posted in refuting Rodney Starks, you would've realized that Greek writings were considered pagan by the medieval church, and thus outlawed.
Actually the first link that you posted to "refute" Andrew Stark says the exact opposite of that. Let me quote: "Catholic monasteries were, at times, a conduit of classical wisdom, as monks laboriously copied and saved the few surviving ancient manuscripts." You have to admit that it's pretty pathetic when you link to an article and claim it says something, and it turns out to say the exact opposite of what you claim.

Even after seeing all of the nonsense that you've posted in this thread, it's still pretty amazing to see that you think you can get away with a lie like this. Anyone who's not completely and totally ignorant of the Middle Ages knows perfectly well that pagan writings, both Greek and Latin and others, were extremely popular and influential at the time. For example, Virgil was the most influential and widely-read author in medieval times outside of the Bible. Entire books have been written examing Virgil's influence during that period. Aristotle's works were translated into every European language during the Middle Ages and he was so influential that people referred to him simply as "the philosopher". (In fact more intelligent atheists than you generally complain that Aristotle had too much influence on medieval Christians.) Similarly, it would not be difficult to show that many other Pagan authors such as Plato, Cicero, and Seneca were read during the Middle Ages. Moreover, it was precisely the medieval church that was responsible for preserving, copying, and translating ancient Greek and Latin texts. Thomas Cahill's book How the Irish Saved Civilization documents how Irish monks in the early Middle Ages were responsible for saving many texts and eventually bringing them back to the European mainstream.

So in short, your claim that the medieval church outlawed Greek writings because they were Pagan is an out-and-out lie. Why do you keep telling these lies? What makes you dislike the truth so much?

Yet, somehow you seem sure that the entire population knew Greek and astronomy.
Really? Did I ever say that?

Nevertheless, the current group still advocates a flat-earth according to wiki. That is what you wanted proof of, and you got it.
You have not offered any proof that "the current group" is anything other than a joke.

Oops, I almost forgot. From your link...
Cosmas Indicopleustes, wrote a treatise on Christian Topology that included his flat Earth cosmology. Sure, he could read and write and all that, but I'm sure his views were in no way reflective of the common man of his day. ;)
Also, "Lactantius was another church father who did seem sure the earth was flat..."
If you read post #277, you'll see that I've already explained why it's dishonest for you to cite Cosmoas Indicopleustes and Lactantius as validating your claim about Columbus. I see no need to repeat myself. We're you hoping that I'd forget what I've already written? If not, then what was the point of this paragraph?

It's interesting the contradictions that pervade your link. It mentions how the spherical earth was a Greek invention, later it mentions that commoners never read Cosmas because it was in Greek.
How is that a contradiction?

I'm almost certain that in spite of the references I gave you, you'll clutch onto the idea that everyone back then believed the Earth round.
You haven't yet given me a single reference which in any way suggests that any person in Columbus' time believed that the earth was flat.

To be honest, it doesn't matter. It wasn't even important to the point I was trying to make. If anyone at all believed the Earth was flat, my point was still valid. If Columbus had accepted that person's beliefs based on their authority, progress would've been slowed. The same can be said of really anyone who advanced knowledge in any field throughout mankind.
Except that your point is entirely backwards. In Columbus' time both authority figures and everyone else believed that the earth was round. Columbus only sailed westward across the Atlantic because he believed those authorities. If he had insisted on being a juvenile punk constantly thumping his chest about his contempt for "argument from authority" then he wouldn't have done so. The same can besaid of really anyone who advanced knowledge in any field throughout human history.
 
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AlexBP

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THe historical "facts" you are referring to are easily refuted. I posted a link, which if you bothered to read, references actual historians and shows why Rodney is wrong in nearly every claim he makes about history. Also, pointing out that heis not a historian in a discussion about history is not an ad hominem. Sorry.

THe truth is the version of history you believe is at best religious propaganda, at worst an outright lie.
Cute. Let's go over the flaws in your argument one at a time.

1) You seem to think that it's highly important that Rodeny Stark is not a historian, and imply that I should not trust him because he is not a historian. The two articles that you linked to are written by Andrew Bernstein and John Wilkins. Neither of them are historians, so by your logic I shouldn't trust them either. Contrawise, if it is acceptable to trust non-historians, then why are you making such a big deal about the fact Rodney Stark is not a historian?

In reality, of course, the qualifications of the author don't matter when reading an academic book. What matters is the qaulity of the research. Rodney's Stark's research is excellent and has earned high praise from many quarters.

2) The author of the second link hasn't even read Stark's book. You can hardly expect me to take seriously a critique by someone who hasn't read the book, can you?

3) The first link comes from a magazine published by members of the Ayn Rand cult, a group dedicated to the belief that all humans should obey Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged. (You do seem to have a tendency to gravitate towards fiction, don't you?) The Rand cult is not an intellectual source, and it's ridiculous for you to whine about Stark's credentials when you're citing stuff like that. (On the plus side, you did manage to avoid the flying chemistry monkeys this time.)

4) You claim that those two articles reference actual historians. Wilson's article references only Wikipedia, which is not written by historians. Bernstein's article references a few historical works, but mostly ones that are a generation or more out of date. It does not have any references at all for many of its claims.

5) Much of what's written in those two articles supports what I've written about medieval times, and contradicts your ignorant view of that time period. I've already given one example in the previous post. I could give plenty of others.

6) Last but not least, nothing in those articles is at all relevant to what I wrote in post #123.

So in short, all your chest-thumping about those two links you posted in #142 is irrelevant to this thread. I made an argument in post #123. Do you believe that any of the historical facts that I mentioned in post #123 are incorrect? If so, which ones, and what grounds do you have for your beliefs?
 
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food4thought

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It was food4thought who used the term first, so for all you know my definition matches his just fine. This is why you should let others defend their own statements, you have no idea what you're talking about.

Maybe you have selective reading. As I already pointed out, food4thought made no mention of evidence, so when I say "there is no evidence" I'm completely justified. Again, you should let food4thought make his own case and stay out of conversations where you don't understand what's being said.

Maybe I can help clear this up, but forgive me if I don't wade thru pages of thread trying to determine where this particular argument began. Could either you or raze let me know what word is being argued over, and I'll give my understanding of the word. It may or may not correspond to the dictionary definition... is the word "soul" what is being discussed?
 
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