Well let's go through it then.
"What is justification?
Simply put, to justify is to declare righteous, to make one right with God.
I actually disagree with this, but with qualifications. I believe that
Biblically, to be justified is to be declared to be a member of God's true covenant family. This, I suggest, is the most foundational aspect of Biblical justification. And yes, this does involve being declared "in the right" as you are suggesting. But I think the covenant aspect is primary if, repeat if, we look to the Biblical narrative for our understanding of justification, and not simply refer to a kind of dictionary definition.
Justification is God’s declaring those who receive Christ to be righteous, based on Christ’s righteousness being imputed to the accounts of those who receive Christ (
2 Corinthians 5:21).
I know many people believe this, but I think the Bible never teaches the imputation of Christ's righteousness to the believer. Yes, we are imputed "righteousness" but it is not Jesus' righteousness per se. We can discuss this whole issue if you like, including this famous text from 1 Corinthians 5.
Romans 3:21-26:
“But now a righteousness from God, apart from law, has been made known, to which the Law and the prophets testify. This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe.
Note how the text does not clearly establish that we get God's (or Jesus's)
own righteousness. Yes, we get righteousness, but I suggest we get the "standard" righteousness anyone gets when acquitted in the lawcourt: one is simply declared "in the right" without needing to have someone else's righteousness imputed to you.
There is also a
HUGE translation issue here:
Here is how the Young's Literal Version renders this verse:
and the righteousness of God through the faith of Jesus Christ to all, and upon all those believing, --for there is no difference,
Huge difference, yes?
For a range of reasons I do not want to get into (will make the post too long), I will assert the following:
In this particular verse, Paul is not saying we are made righteous through faith, he is saying that through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ, we are made righteous.
In what sense has Jesus been faithful? He has been faithful in the sense that He has taken Israel's covenant obligations on Himself and has, unlike Israel itself, faithfully fulfilled them.
Having said all this, I am not denying that Paul is
also saying that we are declared righteous through faith (but the works must be there as evidence - Romans 2).