Science is about the discovery of a set of rules governing a repeatable phenomenon. To dive deeper, we humans don't have ability to tell a future. If a theory which allows us to tell a future precisely without error, we thus know that this theory contains a truth. This is the way how a scientific truth is identified.
It has to be shown through observation through experimentation that it is actually repeatable.
Scientific truths are just small set of truth relating to a repeatable phenomenon. Most truths don't fall into this category, such as history and daily events and occurrences (which will turn to history at some point). They are the truths which do not repeat.
History and daily events are scientific because they can be observed directly. The historian gains his information from eye witness testimonies of people who were there. Daily events can be photographed which provides a permanent record that these events actually happened.
Some phenomena may repeat but it's out of human capability to observe how they repeat to model them predictably as how we confirm a scientific truth. These include BBT and ToE. We treat them as a science because in hypothesis we suggest that they are a repeatable phenomenon. The Big Bang may not only occur to our universe, it may be a phenomenon on how other universes are born.
No one has ever been able to observe whether a big bang event actually happened. Also, experiments have been made involving explosions and it has been proved by observation that explosions create chaos and disorder and not order to the degree that an atomic clock can be set by the result, as our universe can. Also, it has been demonstrated that the heat produced by an explosion would render everything sterile and therefore there is no way that life, even in the smallest microbe can result from it, Upon the actual studies of explosions, it is confidently shown that it would be impossible for life to result from the big bang which would make our universe chaotic and totally sterile.
Similarly, evolution may be a repeatable process for new species to be generated. However both BBT and ToE don't have the required predictability and falsifiability for humans to confirm them as a scientific truth. That's actually why CERN keeps trying to build up small scale experiments to try to understand what a Big Bang could be.
Similarly, the progress of evolution has never been observed, and even the theory that the fossil record is millions of years old contradicts it, because the evidence of the fossil record shows sea and animal life as being exactly the same as they are today, which means that evolution, if it ever started, stopped millions of years ago. Also, if man has existed on the earth for millions of years, then according to genetics which shows decay by genetic material being lost with each generation, man should be extinct by now through such decay of genetic information, that it would be impossible for man to survive. This is what has happened to many animal types which have become extinct, and not through human involvement, but through the natural decaying genetic process.
Evolution involves the addition of genetic information to one animal family to be able to change to another animal family, and there has been no evidence of it, and attempts to add genetic information to a test animal in a laboratory has produced just animal versions of Frankenstein's monster that has not survived long-term.
More importantly, whether it is a scientific truth or non-scientific truth (such as a history), the only fundamental way for a truth to convey is through human testimonies.
True. There are no human testimonies to support the progress of evolution
Take the existence of black hole as an example. Only few scientists have the privilege to use the expensive equipment to observe and get to the evidence of the existence of black holes. Humans in majority don't have any evidence. They rely on putting faith in our scientists' works in order to get to the truth. The truth is thus in the form of the testimonies of our scientists (a small group professed on black holes).
The existence of black holes is verified through direct observation through powerful telescopes. Through that observation and examination, a lot of information has been collected concerning the characteristic of black holes.
History mostly exist in human testimonies, especially individual activities. They can neither be proved nor evidenced, unlike a science. Only under very rare cases that mass activities may leave a trail which is usually reserved by a fluke, say a city buried under by a disaster which allows today's humans to reach the site preserved by such a disaster. You may see some culture or behavior of the humans lived there. This is on a society basis instead of individual basis. You can't research into how each individual acts or speaks. We humans don't have the capability to track down the trails left by human individuals lived long enough ago. They only way left for us to understand a particular human is by how humans back then recorded down his deeds and speeches. They are human testimonies.
The example of this is the city of Pompeii. This is the best preserved example of Roman culture and daily life. This has been gained through observation and examination. We know that Babylon existed, because the ruins have been discovered by archaeologists; and underneath those ruins, they have found ancient foundations which have been discovered are what is left of the foundation of the tower of Babel. We have the historical record that the foundation was there for all to see until Alexander the Great destroyed it.
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