It was until it was realized that carbon dating can only be used for fossils thousands of years old and not millions. Dates for many fossils prior to the discovery of in accuracy have still been left with inaccurate dating.
Please give a reference for this statement, because it is a lie.
The best-known absolute dating technique is carbon-14 dating, which archaeologists prefer to use. However, the half-life of carbon-14 is only 5730 years, so the method cannot be used for materials older than about 70,000 years.[/B] - Michael Benton, Ph.D., a vertebrate paleontologist .
This is what I have already said. That is why carbon 14 dating is not used to date fossils.. yet you claimed it was!
Piltdown man - it was exposed in 1953 as a forgery, consisting of the lower jawbone of an orangutan combined with the skull of a fully developed, modern man. - Wikipedia
Yep. The one forgery that creationists love to recount, even though it goes back to 1912. Why is it so hard for you guys to come up with more recent forgeries, since they are sooooooo very prevalent?
Archaeoraptor - appears to be composed of a dromaeosaur tail and a bird body.’ - National Geographic
Yes. A farmer glued two legitimate fossils together to make more money off of it. Professional paleontologists were NOT fooled. An amateur collector bought it and National Geographic learned a hard lesson about not circumventing the scientific method and peer review processs when it published informtion on the fossil
despite the fact professionals had already rejected the fossil as a mosaic.
Neanderthal Man - No longer considered to be pre-man. Neanderthal is fully human but believed to have suffered from rickets due to malnutrition.
Wrong, wrong, wrong. There are many fossils of Neanderthal and they do not suffer from ricketts. It is also a different species. No fraud here.
Cro-Magnon Man - Proven to be completely human and there is clear evidence of religious practices and artistic creativity. This so-called pre-human co-existed with contemporary man.
Cro-Magnon did not "co-exist" with contemporary man, he is the same as us, just older. No one claims different. Where is the fraud?
Java Man - Proven to be a deliberate hoax and no longer accepted by evolutionary scientist, however it is still taught in many school textbooks as a missing link.
Wrong. Show us evidence it is a fraud. The original is lost, but we have cast made from it. Also, we have other fossil examples of Homo erectus, in any case. No fraud here either.
Nebraska Man - An entire skeletal structure was created from a single tooth...Additional research has proven that this tooth was actually the tooth of an extinct pig.
So? It was never published in scientific literature as a man. The mistake was an honest one. No fraud here.
Lucy - Considered to be related to the arboreal ape.
So are we! Lucy is still considered an ancestor of modern man. No fraud here.
Zinjanthropus - Proven to be a primitive ape and has no ties to modern man or human development.
We are also apes. Zinjanthropus is now considered a dead end, related to our ancestors, but not in a direct line to us. No fraud here either.
Coelacanth - This was strongly considered by evolutionary scientist to be an index fossil linking early cretaceous which were considered to have become extinct over 80 million years ago. Recently living specimens have been found near Madagascar. - History of the Earth, Henry Morris
These are not the same species, however. therefore, it does not affect the use of the other species as index fossils. Where is the "fraud?"
So far, you have provided TWO. The first (and oldest) was the only one that had any effect on thinking concerning evolution, and that was temporary. The other, never fooled any professional paleontologist. How does this show that all fossil intermediates are frauds?
I see a lot of adaptation, but no new species. I see were scientist have made new species, although they are not really a new species but a like species, through cross pollinization, but that again is not evolution. It did not occur through "natural selection", or "mutation".
You asked for it:
Observed Speciation - Lucaspa (partial list)
Speciation in Insects
1. G Kilias, SN Alahiotis, and M Pelecanos. A multifactorial genetic investigation of speciation theory using drosophila melanogaster Evolution 34:730-737, 1980. Got new species of fruit flies in the lab after 5 years on different diets and temperatures. Also confirmation of natural selection in the process. Lots of references to other studies that saw speciation.
2. JM Thoday, Disruptive selection. Proc. Royal Soc. London B. 182: 109-143, 1972.
Lots of references in this one to other speciation.
3. KF Koopman, Natural selection for reproductive isolation between Drosophila pseudobscura and Drosophila persimilis. Evolution 4: 135-148, 1950. Using artificial mixed poulations of D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, it has been possible to show,over a period of several generations, a very rapid increase in the amount of reproductive isolation between the species as a result of natural selection.
4. LE Hurd and RM Eisenberg, Divergent selection for geotactic response and evolution of reproductive isolation in sympatric and allopatric populations of houseflies. American Naturalist 109: 353-358, 1975.
5. Coyne, Jerry A. Orr, H. Allen. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila. Evolution. V43. P362(20) March, 1989.
6. Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky, 1957 An incipient species of Drosophila, Nature 23: 289- 292.
7. Ahearn, J. N. 1980. Evolution of behavioral reproductive isolation in a laboratory stock of Drosophila silvestris. Experientia. 36:63-64.
8. 10. Breeuwer, J. A. J. and J. H. Werren. 1990. Microorganisms associated with chromosome destruction and reproductive isolation between two insect species. Nature. 346:558-560.
9. Powell, J. R. 1978. The founder-flush speciation theory: an experimental approach. Evolution. 32:465-474.
10. Dodd, D. M. B. and J. R. Powell. 1985. Founder-flush speciation: an update of experimental results with Drosophila. Evolution 39:1388-1392. 37. Dobzhansky, T. 1951. Genetics and the origin of species (3rd edition). Columbia University Press, New York.
11. Dobzhansky, T. and O. Pavlovsky. 1971. Experimentally created incipient species of Drosophila. Nature. 230:289-292.
12. Dobzhansky, T. 1972. Species of Drosophila: new excitement in an old field. Science. 177:664-669.
13. Dodd, D. M. B. 1989. Reproductive isolation as a consequence of adaptive divergence in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 43:1308-1311.
14. de Oliveira, A. K. and A. R. Cordeiro. 1980. Adaptation of Drosophila willistoni experimental populations to extreme pH medium. II. Development of incipient reproductive isolation. Heredity. 44:123-130.15. 29. Rice, W. R. and G. W. Salt. 1988. Speciation via disruptive selection on habitat preference: experimental evidence. The American Naturalist. 131:911-917.
30. Rice, W. R. and G. W. Salt. 1990. The evolution of reproductive isolation as a correlated character under sympatric conditions: experimental evidence. Evolution. 44:1140-1152.
31. del Solar, E. 1966. Sexual isolation caused by selection for positive and negative phototaxis and geotaxis in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (US). 56:484-487.
32. Weinberg, J. R., V. R. Starczak and P. Jora. 1992. Evidence for rapid speciation following a founder event in the laboratory. Evolution. 46:1214-1220.
Speciation in Plants
1. Speciation in action Science 72:700-701, 1996 A great laboratory study of the evolution of a hybrid plant species. Scientists did it in the lab, but the genetic data says it happened the same way in nature.
2. Hybrid speciation in peonies
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/061288698v1#B1
3.
http://www.holysmoke.org/new-species.htm new species of groundsel by hybridization
4. Butters, F. K. 1941. Hybrid Woodsias in Minnesota. Amer. Fern. J. 31:15-21.
5. Butters, F. K. and R. M. Tryon, jr. 1948. A fertile mutant of a Woodsia hybrid. American Journal of Botany. 35:138.
6. Toxic Tailings and Tolerant Grass by RE Cook in Natural History, 90(3): 28-38, 1981
7. Clausen, J., D. D. Keck and W. M. Hiesey. 1945. Experimental studies on the nature of species. II. Plant evolution through amphiploidy and autoploidy, with examples from the Madiinae. Carnegie Institute Washington Publication, 564:1-174.
8. Cronquist, A. 1988. The evolution and classification of flowering plants (2nd edition). The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
9. P. H. Raven, R. F. Evert, S. E. Eichorn, Biology of Plants (Worth, New York,ed. 6, 1999).
10. M. Ownbey, Am. J. Bot. 37, 487 (1950).
11. M. Ownbey and G. D. McCollum, Am. J. Bot. 40, 788 (1953).
12. S. J. Novak, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis, Am. J. Bot. 78, 1586 (1991).
13. P. S. Soltis, G. M. Plunkett, S. J. Novak, D. E. Soltis, Am. J. Bot. 82,1329 (1995).
14. Digby, L. 1912. The cytology of Primula kewensis and of other related Primula hybrids. Ann. Bot. 26:357-388.
15. Owenby, M. 1950. Natural hybridization and amphiploidy in the genus Tragopogon. Am. J. Bot. 37:487-499.
16. Pasterniani, E. 1969. Selection for reproductive isolation between two populations of maize, Zea mays L. Evolution. 23:534-547.
Vertebrate Speciation
1. N Barton Ecology: the rapid origin of reproductive isolation Science 290:462-463, Oct. 20, 2000.
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/290/5491/462 Natural selection of reproductive isolation observed in two cases. Full papers are: AP Hendry, JK Wenburg, P Bentzen, EC Volk, TP Quinn, Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation in the wild: evidence from introduced salmon. Science 290: 516-519, Oct. 20, 2000. and M Higgie, S Chenoweth, MWBlows, Natural selection and the reinforcement of mate recognition. Science290: 519-521, Oct. 20, 2000
2. G Vogel, African elephant species splits in two. Science 293: 1414, Aug. 24, 2001.
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5534/1414
3. C Vila` , P Savolainen, JE. Maldonado, IR. Amorim, JE. Rice, RL. Honeycutt, KA. Crandall, JLundeberg, RK. Wayne, Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog Science 276: 1687-1689, 13 JUNE 1997. Dogs no longer one species but 4 according to the genetics.
http://www.idir.net/~wolf2dog/wayne1.htm
4. Barrowclough, George F.. Speciation and Geographic Variation in Black-tailed Gnatcatchers. (book reviews) The Condor. V94. P555(2) May, 1992
5. Kluger, Jeffrey. Go fish. Rapid fish speciation in African lakes. Discover. V13. P18(1) March, 1992.
Formation of five new species of cichlid fishes which formed since they were isolated from the parent stock, Lake Nagubago. (These fish have complex mating rituals and different coloration.) See also Mayr, E., 1970. _Populations, Species, and Evolution_, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. p. 348
6. Genus _Rattus_ currently consists of 137 species [1,2] and is known to have
originally developed in Indonesia and Malaysia during and prior to the Middle
Ages[3].
[1] T. Yosida. Cytogenetics of the Black Rat. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1980.
[2] D. Morris. The Mammals. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1965.
[3] G. H. H. Tate. "Some Muridae of the Indo-Australian region," Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. Hist. 72: 501-728, 1963.
7. Stanley, S., 1979. _Macroevolution: Pattern and Process_, San Francisco,
W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 41
Rapid speciation of the Faeroe Island house mouse, which occurred in less than 250 years after man brought the creature to the island.
Happy reading!
I was of course referring to enthropy included in the law.
2nd law of thermodynamics:
Entropy - a function of thermodynamic variables, as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. A closed system evolves toward a state of maximum entropy.
Evolution is an open system and therefore would not have the energy to do as it states it does.
Because living organisms are open systems (not evolution itself, this is a process) this means it can accept energy from outside the system. Take a look up at the sky during the day, and you will see the massive nuclear fusion reactor that is providing the energy that life requires to increase its complexity. Without this energy, there would be no life on earth. As long as life does what it does, it will evolve.
Neither evolution not creationism have been proven beyond a shadow of a doubt.
So what? Is gravity or germ theory proven beyong a "shadow of a doubt?" I said evolution was
proven beyond a reasonable doubt, and asked you to do the same for creationism. Obviously, you cannot.
It is just as much a scientific theory as evolution. Both use scientific method to explain phenomenoms. The fossil records, show the same types of fossils in different sections. A universal flood would explain sea life in a dessert area. Can they be proven? No. Are they theories? Yes. Both evolution and creationism are theories on the existance of man.
No creationism is not based on physical evidence. It is based on The Bible. There is no potential means of falsifying creationism, in the minds of those who adhere to it. Therefore, it is not a scientific theory.
Actually everything I wrote in my post is shown and cited, not by just those that believe in creationism but scientist envolved with the evolutionary theory.
No you did not back up anything with citations, except the first part. This was filled with quote mines, even if you didn't make it difficult to respond by how you formated your response. I won't bother with it. *added* I decided to tackle this part as well in a separate post below.