Footnotes: (1) See the first full paragraph in the text of Abraham Lincoln’s fourth debate with Steven Douglass on September 18, 1858:
http://www.nps.gov/archive/liho/debate4.htm.
(2) “It is often attempted to palliate slavery by comparing the state of slaves with our poorer countrymen: if the misery of our poor be caused not by the laws of nature, but by our institutions, great is our sin; but how this bears on slavery, I cannot see; as well might the use of the thumb-screw be defended in one land, by showing that men in another land suffered from some dreadful disease. Those who look tenderly at the slave owner, and with a cold heart at the slave, never seem to put themselves into the position of the latter; what a cheerless prospect, with not even a hope of change! picture to yourself the chance, ever hanging over you, of your wife and your little children – those objects which nature urges even the slave to call his own – being torn from you and sold like beasts to the first bidder! And these deeds are done and palliated by men, who profess to love their neighbours as themselves, who believe in God, and pray that his Will be done on earth! It makes one's blood boil, yet heart tremble, to think that we Englishmen and our American descendants, with their boastful cry of liberty, have been and are so guilty” Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, 1839. There are many references attesting to Darwin’s abolitionist views and progressive bent.
(3) Buckner H. Payne, 1799-1883. [pseudonym ‘Ariel’]. 1867. The Negro, What Is His Ethnological Status?: Is He the Progeny of Ham? Is He a Descendant of Adam and Eve? Has He a Soul? Or Is He a Beast In God's Nomenclature? What Is His Status As Fixed By God In Creation? What Is His Relation To The White Race? (2nd edition, first edition in 1842). Cincinnati, OH: 48 pp. For references to amalgamation as the terrible sin bringing the flood and occurring after the flood (or ‘miscegenation,’ i.e., interracial mixing of “whites” as “humans” with Negroes whom Payne considered “beasts”
, see pp. 25, 27, 31, 34, 38, 40, 41, 45, 48.
(4) The statements from Ellen White, 1864. Spiritual Gifts, Vol. 3, pp. 64, 75: “But if there was one sin above another which called for the destruction of the race by the flood, it was the base crime of amalgamation of man and beast which defaced the image of God, and caused confusion everywhere” (p. 64). “Every species of animal which God had created were preserved in the ark. The confused species which God did not create, which were the result of amalgamation, were destroyed by the flood. Since the flood there has been amalgamation of man and beast, as may be seen in the almost endless varieties of species of animals, and in certain races of men” p.75).
(5) James White reviewed and endorsed Smith’s book in the Review and Herald (August 15, 1868). The Whites apparently also promoted the book on the campmeeting circuit according to Gordon Shigley in “Amalgamation of Man and Beast: What Did Ellen White Mean?” Spectrum 12(4): 18 footnote.
(6) Uriah Smith, 1868. The Visions of Mrs. E. G. White, A Manifestation of Spiritual gifts According to the Scripture, p. 103. (Battle Creek, Michigan). The entire quote from pp. 103-4 “‘Since the flood there has been amalgamation of man and beast, as may be seen in the almost endless varieties of species of animals, and in certain races of men.’ This view was given for the purpose of illustrating the deep corruption and crime into which the race fell, even within a few years after the flood that signal manifestation of God's wrath against human wickedness. There was amalgamation; and the effect is still visible in certain races of men.’ Mark, those excepting the animals upon whom the effects of this work are visible, are called by the vision, ‘men.’ Now we have ever supposed that anybody that was called a man, was considered a human being. The vision speaks of all these classes as races of men; yet in the face of this plain declaration, they foolishly assert that the visions teach that some men are not human beings! But does any one deny the general statement contained in the extract given above? They do not. If they did, they could easily be silenced by a reference to such cases as the wild Bushmen of Africa, some tribes of the Hottentots, and perhaps the Digger Indians of our own country, &c. Moreover, naturalists affirm that the line of demarkation between the human and animal races is lost in confusion. It is impossible, as they affirm, to tell just where the human ends and the animal begins. Can we suppose that this was so ordained of God in the beginning? Rather has not sin marred the boundaries of these two kingdoms?”
(7) Edwin Black, 2003. War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race. (New York, NY ), pp. 88, 238 on Kellogg, and pp. 15-17 and elsewhere on Galton.
