Official Catholic
Catholic doctrine holds that God created sexual intercourse to be both unitive and procreative.[39] The Catholic Church teaches that an act which deliberately attempts to divorce the unitive and procreative meaning of the marital act is opposed to God's plan for life and love in the order of creation. "[A]ny action which either before, at the moment of, or after sexual intercourse, is specifically intended to prevent procreation—whether as an end or as a means" is opposed to this order and is therefore forbiden according to orthodox Catholic teaching. Thus, artificial birth control methods are forbidden, as are acts intended to end in [bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse][bless and do not curse] outside the context of intercourse (e.g. masturbation or oral sex that is not part of foreplay).[40] At the same time, not having sex at all (abstinence) is considered morally acceptable.[39]
Engaging in marital relations at an infertile time in a woman's life (such as pregnancy or post-menopause) is also considered acceptable, since the infertile condition is considered to be created by God, rather than as an act by the couple.[41] Similarly, under Catholic theology, it may be morally acceptable to abstain during the fertile part of the woman's menstrual cycle.[39] Increasing the postpartum infertile period through particular breastfeeding practices — the lactational amenorrhea method — is also considered a natural and morally unobjectionable way to space a family's children.[42]
The Catholic Church acknowledges a potential benefit of spacing children[39] and use of NFP for this reason is tolerated. Humanae Vitae cites "physical, economic, psychological and social conditions" as possibly compelling reasons to avoid pregnancy.[43] Couples are warned, however, against using NFP for selfish, immoral, or insincere reasons.[39] A few Catholic theologians argue that couples with several children may morally choose to avoid pregnancy, even if their circumstances (emotional, physical, and economic) would allow for more children.[44] More commonly, Catholic sources extol the benefits children bring to their parents, their siblings, and society in general, and encourage couples to have as many children as their circumstances make practical.[45][46][47][48]