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"It (Deep State) can mean whatever one wants it to mean. Reactionary partisan hacks like Sean Hannity, Newt Gingrich, Andrew Napolitano, and Sean Spicer freely adopt the term to refer to allegedly pro-Obama elements within the U.S. government and intelligence apparatus. Hannity takes aim at “the liberal media” and “American intelligence agencies,” the latter of which he claims is dominated by a “deep state swamp of Obama holdover DC lifers” who are “hell-bent on destroying Trump.” Of course, Hannity has raised no concern with an emerging deep state swamp of Trump DC lifers populated by plutocratic billionaires, as the president moves to populate the federal bureaucracy with his preferred political supporters and hacks."
DEEP STATE and THE POWER ELITE
As you so clearly stated the phrase Deep State, or any phrase for that matter, can refer to anything a writer wants it to. With regard to the American socio-political system, I prefer to use the analogy Mike Lofgren described in his book.
At its root the phrase refers to a hidden or semi-hidden group of people who illicitly influence a nation without the knowledge or approval of its citizens or their lawfully appointed government.
"In twenty-first century America the elected government is subservient to the Deep State."
- Mike Lofgren
The phrase Deep State was originally coined by Turkish President Recep Erdogan to explain the nature of a coalition of generals and journalists who attempted a coup d'etat against his administration several years ago. The phrase was adopted by Mike Lofgren and used as title to his book DEEP STATE. It may interest the reader to know that Lofgren published his book at the insistence and encouragement of PBS' Bill Moyers. A brief interview between Moyers and Lofgren may be found on youTube.
The matter of social development of American oligarchs was originally presented to America and the world in 1956 in a book titled THE POWER ELITE. It's author, C. Wright Mills, explained the origin and growth of social groups as the nation grew in power and resources to sustain it. The book was widely read by leaders of foreign governments as well as those who opposed the US government's war policy in Southeast Asia in the 1960's. In my opinion The Power Elite is the foundation work and any legitimate study of the authorities of the US government would not be complete without it.
Both books are recommended reading for anyone who wants a clear and unbiased understanding of the origins and development of American leadership, where and why we see its actions today and what our future may look like.
Finally, I recommend CROSSING THE RUBICON by Michael C. Ruppert. The six hundred page work is a highly documented chronicle of twenty-first century American politics. Ruppert was a former Los Angeles police detective and uses the skills he learned on the job to discern the motivations and opportunities of American oligarchs. Needless to say it does not paint a pretty picture.
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Laws are like sausages. It's better not to see them being made."
- Otto von Bismarck
None of these books sustain the myth presented to elementary school students concerning the true basis motivations and operation of the American system of government. Those who are squeamish regarding political realities or who are undeniable fanatics in their support of the myth will most likely not read them.
American Christian literature and leadership lags current political reality by ten to twenty years in their appraisal of the impact social and political forces have upon our society and religion. It is an unfortunate aspect of our culture that those who once led and cultivated the political opinions of millions now wallow in ignorance and misplaced motivations. Our shepherds do not effectively lead their flocks. (Prov 29:18)
We are, each of us, now left to our own devices and must educate and inspire one another in the truth insofar as we are able.
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When you see these things begin to happen look up and rejoice, for your redemption draws near."
- Jesus as quoted by Luke 21:28
and that's me, hollering from the choir loft...