DanielRB said:
Shalom, Mauricio,
The main difficulty I have with this point of view is how it relates to statements concerning the Gentiles in the Tanakh. For example, those who wish to participate in the Passover are commanded to be circumcised. If the Lord's Supper is a Passover, then would this not apply?
Hello Daniel, thanks for your response and for quoting scripture!
On the topic of participating in the Passover, i believe the mitzva applies to gentiles who are resident aliens in the land. They are commanded to circumcise if they want to participate in the passover. My take is that gentiles who are not Ger Toshav can celebrate passover outside the land without being circumcised.
DanielRB said:
Also, what about Isaiah 56? It doesn't address circumcision as a requirement for being "better than sons or daughters", but it talks about following the Sabbath and 'choosing the things that please me and holds fast to my covenant.' But what covenant in Scripture is there made with the Gentiles? Certainly not the New Covenant, which is clearly made with the "house of Israel and the house of Judah."
The only other convenant i am aware of is the one in Genesis 9:1 thru 7, concluding with 9:8 :"Adonai spoke to Noach and his sons with him and said 'As for me, I am hereby establishing my covenant with you and with your descendants after you...". So I would say Isaiah 56:6 talks about what Adonai will do for Foreigners in the Land who, both, keep the Sabbath and are true to the covenant (of Genesis 9). It is not talking about Goyim outside the Land because it says 'I will bring them to my holy mountain {i.e. Jerusalem}... and their burnt offerings will be accepted on my altar {i.e. the Temple}'.
Having said this, I know Seventh Day Adventists who apply "Foreigner" in Isaiah to Goyim OUTSIDE the Land because they believe that they need to be prepared for that day when Adonai will bring them TO the holy mountain... therefore for them Isaiah 56:6 is probably another reason why they need to follow the Sabbath, and not just "the covenant" ("Noachic covenant"?) mentioned in Isaiah 56:6.
DanielRB said:
Can we determine from the Tanakh if there is a seperate law for Gentiles? I know that Rabbinical Judaism has the Seven Noahic laws, but I don't find them particularly compelling (in other words, I don't see how they arrive at their conclusions based upon the relevant Scriptures).
Are there "two" laws in effect today? Should a Jewish believer exclude the uncircumcised from the Passover table, in obedience to Torah?
I see Torah giving different laws to various (at least 4) groups of people:
- Torah gives in Gen 9 a law (& covenant) for all people. We can debate whether the are "Seven" laws contained here, but it's clear there is a covenant with some requirements to be followed by Noach's seed.
- Then Torah says that God gives the law (& covenant) of physical circumcision for Abram and his seed (Ishmael, Isaac).
- Then Torah says that God gives Jacob's descendants the 613 Laws thru Moses at Sinai. These Laws include also some laws for non-Israelites living in Israel (e.g. exodus: Foreigners must Circumcise if they want to celebate Pesach).
- Then there are post-Tanach scripture like Isaiah, which add additional covenant "t&c's" for Ger Toshav, like Isaiah 56:6.
So i imagine a person can know what Adonai expects of him/her according to which of the above groups that person is part of (thru birth or choice).
Now, (getting back to Paul's writings) with respect to Moschiach I think Paul is saying that all of these groups (regardless of whether Noach seed, Abraham seed, Jacob seed, or Ger Toshav) are able to join in on Moschiach's salvation without having to switch to a different covenant.
Therefore (sorry for a long-winded answer), yes, I see many covenants in the Torah (all equally holy).
Shalom,
Mauricio