Intent.
For months at a time there is no sunrise or sunset for folks at the top or bottom of the world.
Does their sabbath last months? Or do they celebrate the sabbath only once every few months?
The International Dateline
and the Weekly Sabbath
© Carl D. Franklin
November 26, 2004
Some have expressed the opinion that the International Dateline has led to observance of the weekly Sabbath on the wrong day in part of the world. They believe that Sabbath keepers in the nations east of Jerusalem, between Jerusalem (longitude 35 degrees) and the International Dateline (longitude 180 degrees), are observing the weekly Sabbath one day too early. Their belief is based on the assumption that those living eastward from Jerusalem should not begin observing the weekly Sabbath before Jerusalem does. They maintain that only those living westward from Jerusalem to the International Dateline are observing the Sabbath at the proper time. In their view, people in these countries should continue to observe the weekly Sabbath on Saturday, but those living eastward from Jerusalem should keep the weekly Sabbath on Sunday.
Lets consider how Sabbath observance in Australia would be affected by this proposed change. At the present, Australians begin to observe the weekly Sabbath 9 hours before it arrives in Jerusalem, allowing an overlap of 15 hours of shared Sabbath observance between Sydney and Jerusalem. Let us assume that Australians decide to postpone their observance of the weekly Sabbath one day and keep it from sunset Saturday evening to sunset Sunday evening. Doing so would theoretically correct the day lost due to the present placement of the International Dateline and would resolve the supposed problem of Sabbath observance beginning in Sydney before it begins at Jerusalem.
If such a change were instituted at the beginning of 2005, here is what would take effect: The sun at Sydney would set at 8:10 PM Saturday evening, January 1, beginning the first day of the week. When Sabbath observance began in Sydney it would be 11:10 AM Saturday morning in Jerusalemthe Sabbath day having begun there at sunset, 4:46 PM Friday evening. The Sabbath day in Jerusalem would end at 4:46 PM Saturday evening, corresponding to Sunday, 1:45 AM Sydney time. The new Sunday Sabbath of Sydney would overlap the Sabbath of Jerusalem from 11:10 AM to 4:46 PM Jerusalem time, a period of 5 hours and 36 minutes. Thus the present overlap of 15 hours of shared Sabbath observance would be reduced by nearly two thirds. Moreover, Sabbath keepers would be observing the first day of the weeknot the seventh day.
Would moving the International Dateline to the vicinity of Jerusalem correct this problem, as has been proposed? Some would have the dateline run through the middle of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Others say that it should run along the eastern border of the State of Israel. Another view is that the dateline should run through modern Iraq, the proclaimed site of the ancient Garden of Eden. Supporters of these views claim that moving the International Dateline would enable those living at the longitude of Jerusalem to be the first in the world to begin Sabbath observance, and the rest of the world would observe the Sabbath as it came to them.
Would instituting this change in the International Dateline make the Sabbath arrive in Jerusalem before it arrives in Australia?
Suppose the IDL were moved westward from the 180th meridian to the 35th meridian, which runs through the State of Israel. The Sabbath would still begin at sunset, Friday evening, January 1, at 4:46 PM in Israel. What time and day would it be in Sydney? Well, it would still be 1:45 AM, Saturday morning, which means that the Sabbath day would still begin in Sydney before arriving in Jerusalem. Why is this so? Because the world revolves counterclockwise on its axis once every 24 hours, and the weekly cycle of seven 24-hour days cannot be changed.
The only way for an Australian to begin observing the seventh day of the week after it arrives in Jerusalem is to travel to a point west of Jerusalem and remain there until the sun sets on Friday. The Australian could then begin observing the Sabbath after those living in Jerusalem. He cannot do so as long as he is in Australia. It is impossible to do so in Australia because Friday sunset reaches the Sabbath keeper in Australia before it does the Sabbath keeper in Jerusalem. The only way to make the Sabbath arrive in Jerusalem before it arrives in Australia would be to reverse the rotation of the earth.
Moving the International Dateline to Jerusalem cannot change the sequence of the days in the weekly cycle. Doing so would, however, throw Jerusalem into incredible turmoil! Imagine the hustle and bustle at sunset in Jerusalem. On the west side of the IDL it would begin the Sabbath, while on the east side of the line it would begin Friday. The west side of Jerusalem could travel to the east side and conduct business as usual. Likewise, 24 hours later, Saturday evening would arrive for the west side of Jerusalem while the Sabbath was just beginning on the east side. Jews could travel to the west side and business could go on as usual.
This scenario could occur anywhere on the earth if the International Dateline were located across a continent or large land mass rather than across an expanse of water, as it is now. Jewish authorities are well aware of this fact. They have already considered the issues involved in Sabbath observance in various parts of the world, especially for Jewish businessmen who must cross the International Dateline on a regular basis. The following article shows the problems that would result if the IDL were relocated, as some rabbis feel it should be.