Catholics, Protestants, Mass, etc.
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St. Irenaeus has something very interesting to say on the Eucharist:
3. When, therefore, the mingled cup and the manufactured bread receives the Word of God, and the Eucharist of the blood and the body of Christ is made, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vii.iii.html#fnf_ix.vii.iii-p7.4from which things the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they affirm that the flesh is incapable of receiving the gift of God, which is life eternal, which [flesh] is nourished from the body and blood of the Lord, and is a member of Him?—even as the blessed Paul declares in his Epistle to the Ephesians, that “we are members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones.” He does not speak these words of some spiritual and invisible man, for a spirit has not bones nor flesh; but [he refers to] that dispensation [by which the Lord became] an actual man, consisting of flesh, and nerves, and bones,—that [flesh] which is nourished by the cup which is His blood, and receives increase from the bread which is His body. And just as a cutting from the vine planted in the ground fructifies in its season, or as a corn of wheat falling into the earth and becoming decomposed, rises with manifold increase by the Spirit of God, who contains all things, and then, through the wisdom of God, serves for the use of men, and having received the Word of God, becomes the Eucharist, which is the body and blood of Christ; so also our bodies, being nourished by it, and deposited in the earth, and suffering decomposition there, shall rise at their appointed time, the Word of God granting them resurrection to the glory of God, even the Father, who freely gives to this mortal immortality, and to this corruptible incorruption, because the strength of God is made perfect in weakness, in order that we may never become puffed up, as if we had life from ourselves, and exalted against God, our minds becoming ungrateful; but learning by experience that we possess eternal duration from the excelling power of this Being, not from our own nature, we may neither undervalue that glory which surrounds God as He is, nor be ignorant of our own nature, but that we may know what God can effect, and what benefits man receives, and thus never wander from the true comprehension of things as they are, that is, both with regard to God and with regard to man. And might it not be the case, perhaps, as I have already observed, that for this purpose God permitted our resolution into the common dust of mortality,http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vii.iii.html#fnf_ix.vii.iii-p12.2that we, being instructed by every mode, may be accurate in all things for the future, being ignorant neither of God nor of ourselves?
Irenaeus: "against heresies" book 5.
Irenaeus "Against Heresies," book IV.
3. When, therefore, the mingled cup and the manufactured bread receives the Word of God, and the Eucharist of the blood and the body of Christ is made, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vii.iii.html#fnf_ix.vii.iii-p7.4from which things the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they affirm that the flesh is incapable of receiving the gift of God, which is life eternal, which [flesh] is nourished from the body and blood of the Lord, and is a member of Him?—even as the blessed Paul declares in his Epistle to the Ephesians, that “we are members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones.” He does not speak these words of some spiritual and invisible man, for a spirit has not bones nor flesh; but [he refers to] that dispensation [by which the Lord became] an actual man, consisting of flesh, and nerves, and bones,—that [flesh] which is nourished by the cup which is His blood, and receives increase from the bread which is His body. And just as a cutting from the vine planted in the ground fructifies in its season, or as a corn of wheat falling into the earth and becoming decomposed, rises with manifold increase by the Spirit of God, who contains all things, and then, through the wisdom of God, serves for the use of men, and having received the Word of God, becomes the Eucharist, which is the body and blood of Christ; so also our bodies, being nourished by it, and deposited in the earth, and suffering decomposition there, shall rise at their appointed time, the Word of God granting them resurrection to the glory of God, even the Father, who freely gives to this mortal immortality, and to this corruptible incorruption, because the strength of God is made perfect in weakness, in order that we may never become puffed up, as if we had life from ourselves, and exalted against God, our minds becoming ungrateful; but learning by experience that we possess eternal duration from the excelling power of this Being, not from our own nature, we may neither undervalue that glory which surrounds God as He is, nor be ignorant of our own nature, but that we may know what God can effect, and what benefits man receives, and thus never wander from the true comprehension of things as they are, that is, both with regard to God and with regard to man. And might it not be the case, perhaps, as I have already observed, that for this purpose God permitted our resolution into the common dust of mortality,http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vii.iii.html#fnf_ix.vii.iii-p12.2that we, being instructed by every mode, may be accurate in all things for the future, being ignorant neither of God nor of ourselves?
Irenaeus: "against heresies" book 5.
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Technically, it says that a bishop should be "the husband of one wife," which would seem to preclude polygamy. Nevertheless, Jesus says that some are meant to be "eunuchs for the kingdom of God" and as far as I can remember, St. Paul was also single, though a bishop and apostle.
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PaladinValer
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Yet St. Peter was married.
And one canon that was rejected during Nicaea I was one that required celibate clergy.
And one canon that was rejected during Nicaea I was one that required celibate clergy.
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PaulAckermann
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For me to taking a Protestant communion is mocking the body and blood of Jesus Christ. I cannot do that without risking my very soul.kierkegaard214 said:
That does not mean that you as a Protestant are mocking the body and blood of Christ. The Catholic Church teaches the "invinciblity of ignorance". From a Catholic perspective, God realizes that you sincerely belived that it is only symbolic. He looks to see if you have a good, sincere heart towards Him. But for me to do it, I would be in mortal sin, because I cannot plead ignorance.
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No, it's not the only way. We can (like all Christians) accept Jesus by submitting to His Will, asking for forgiveness, through prayer, by listening to His Word etc etc. The way we see it, receiving communion is just a more special and intimate way.
Also, it may be of interest to some to know that there are women in the decision making/advice giving groups in the Vatican. Women have an important role to play in the Church and in society as pointed out by JPII's encyclical on women a couple of years ago.
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