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Can We Prove Anything?

Aelred of Rievaulx

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On another note, it seems to me that some philosophers don´t take their own ideas seriously. If duran would really believe he is a brain in a vat, merely imagining what appears to be the "real world" to him, and if he were that curious about a hypothetical beyond world ("the really real reality"), he wouldn´t discuss it with me (the mere product of his imagination).

Plus, the "brain in a vat" hypothesis is - epistemologically - a dead end if there ever was one. If duran eventually would have some ephiphanies about the "real beyond world" he still couldn´t be sure that this isn´t a virtual world itself. He would end up with the same problem he suffers from right now.

The "brain in a vat" is a thought experiment. Philosophers use thought experiments in much the same way as scientists use chemical experiments. They present scenarios in order to test the durability, consistency and logic of larger theories.
 
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Ken-1122

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I'm afraid not. Yes, I get what "know" means. But that doenst render the question "HOW do you know?" meaningless or redundant. You simply refuse to answer it.
I don't know what kind of answer you are looking for. Look at it this way; In some cases, a lack of evidence IS evidence. The idea that my car is a transformer, I will not wake up on the moon and die from lack of oxygen, my brain is not in a Vat, or what ever absurdity the imagination can dream up; the fact that I see no evidence to support these ideas is evidence enough for me to become 100% convinced it is untrue.
I don't know how I can explain it to you any better than that

Ken
 
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quatona

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Do bear in mind your hypothetical requires quite a leap of imagination.
Actually, that´s not my hypothetical. It´s yours ("How do you know you´re not..." requires to employ it.)
And that it´s quite a leap of imagination is exactly my point. :)
I guess I am just not getting why to take that leap of imagination when we don´t/can´t even trust anything that presents itself as reality to us.
 
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quatona

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The "brain in a vat" is a thought experiment. Philosophers use thought experiments in much the same way as scientists use chemical experiments. They present scenarios in order to test the durability, consistency and logic of larger theories.
Which larger theory would that be in this case?
 
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DogmaHunter

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Which larger theory would that be in this case?

That every human needs 3 basal assumptions to get through the day?
1. the universe is real
2. we can learn about it
3. testable models are better then untestable models

I guess the brain-in-vat thing is about the first point.

But I agree: who cares....

To paraphrase AronRa: "...even if the universe turns out to be a mere video game from some master race like Sim City, we would still be bound by the rules of the 'reality' of that universe - virtual or otherwise. It wouldn't make any difference. Jumping from the Eiffel Tower without a chute will still mean certain death because of gravity. Nuclear energy will still make nukes explode. Smoking will still raise chances of lung cancer. Etc"
 
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durangodawood

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I don't know what kind of answer you are looking for. Look at it this way; In some cases, a lack of evidence IS evidence. The idea that my car is a transformer, I will not wake up on the moon and die from lack of oxygen, my brain is not in a Vat, or what ever absurdity the imagination can dream up; the fact that I see no evidence to support these ideas is evidence enough for me to become 100% convinced it is untrue.
I don't know how I can explain it to you any better than that

Ken
I completely agree that our consensus reality is the most sensible one to believe in, as there's no evident reason to add complication. But most sensible does not = total certainty.

There must be something else that leads to total certainty. For me its akin to faith. A very small leap though. I decide to feel certain.
 
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FrumiousBandersnatch

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Which wouldn´t amount to not much more than a tautology.
It's not an easy question to answer beyond that some people just are interested in questions of epistemology and metaphysics...
On another note, it seems to me that some philosophers don´t take their own ideas seriously. If duran would really believe he is a brain in a vat, merely imagining what appears to be the "real world" to him, and if he were that curious about a hypothetical beyond world ("the really real reality"), he wouldn´t discuss it with me (the mere product of his imagination).
Taking an idea seriously doesn't imply believing it; it's the implications of such ideas that are interesting.
Plus, the "brain in a vat" hypothesis is - epistemologically - a dead end if there ever was one. If duran eventually would have some ephiphanies about the "real beyond world" he still couldn´t be sure that this isn´t a virtual world itself. He would end up with the same problem he suffers from right now.
It's a classic question about what we can know of reality and what reality means; as the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy puts it, "The brain-in-a-vat hypotheses are crucial for the formulation of skeptical arguments concerning the possibility of knowledge of the external world that are modeled on the Cartesian Evil Genius argument". The Cartesian Evil Genius was considered by Descartes in his first Meditation (On Those Things That Can Be Called into Doubt), when, after asserting his existence as a thinking entity ('cogito ergo sum') as a minimum, he reasons that he can't even be certain all his perceptions aren't generated by an omnipotent creator God (prefiguring Bishop Berkeley's 'immaterialism'), but decides that such deception wouldn't be appropriate for a supremely benevolent deity - although he would be unable to tell if, rather than God, a 'malignant demon' was deceiving him and generating his perceptual world...

Descartes later used a rather feeble argument to infer the existence of God - that the idea of a perfect, omniscient, omnipotent Being itself could only be derived from the actual existence of such a Being... It amuses me to think he may have had a visit from the local bishop who encouraged him to think twice about mentioning malignant demons in future ;)

Incidentally, Hilary Putnam proposed a convoluted semantic argument to show he's not a brain in a vat. I tend to fall asleep about half-way through it...
 
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quatona

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It's not an easy question to answer beyond that some people just are interested in questions of epistemology and metaphysics...
Yeah, but philosophers obviously take pride in discussing those questions that aren´t easy to answer. Unless.... ;)
Taking an idea seriously doesn't imply believing it; it's the implications of such ideas that are interesting.
Sure. It´s those very implications that immediately cause me to declare the idea pointless. :)
 
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FrumiousBandersnatch

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I never said I could prove anything...
Your posts say different:
"I can prove the positive; that positive being that my experiences are real.
...I can definitely prove it to myself.
...I will continue to prove to myself that my experiences are real.
"

That's why we've been asking about it.
To know simply means to be convinced beyond any shadow of doubt.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/know
In other words when I say I know my experiences are real, I am saying:

This I perceive or understand as fact or truth; I apprehend clearly and with certainty.
OK, that's quite reasonable; but you can see why we thought you were claiming a proof.
 
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FrumiousBandersnatch

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Yeah, but philosophers obviously take pride in discussing those questions that aren´t easy to answer. Unless.... ;)
I'd replace 'take pride' with 'find a challenge'...
It´s those very implications that immediately cause me to declare the idea pointless. :)
Perhaps the philosopher's calling is not for you, young quatona, for the pointless path is the one true way... :p

This particular idea does have indirect theological relevance through Descartes, so it doesn't seem entirely out of place on a Christian philosophy forum :)
 
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Ken-1122

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I completely agree that our consensus reality is the most sensible one to believe in, as there's no evident reason to add complication. But most sensible does not = total certainty.
For me, concerning this particular subject, it does.
There must be something else that leads to total certainty. For me its akin to faith. A very small leap though. I decide to feel certain.
I think using the term "faith" this way takes away from it's meaning. For me it doesn't take a leap of faith to believe my experiences are not real because my brain is in a vat, controlled by some outside source.

Ken
 
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Ken-1122

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Your posts say different:
"I can prove the positive; that positive being that my experiences are real.
...I can definitely prove it to myself.
...I will continue to prove to myself that my experiences are real.
"

That's why we've been asking about it.
OK, that's quite reasonable; but you can see why we thought you were claiming a proof.
When I said "I never said I could prove anything" I was talking about proof to everybody's satisfaction.
*I could never prove to a blind man that my car is blue
*I could never prove to a death man that a tree falling in a forest makes a sound.
*I could never prove to an unreasonable person, that which is obvious.
I could never prove anything to everybody's satisfaction; but I can prove these things to my own satisfaction.


Ken
 
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Shempster

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I am thinking the reality is that we can prove everything.
That is looking at the evidence from a particular vantage point.
And then the converse is true: you can also prove the complete opposite using evidence from an opposing viewpoint.

Look at the scholarly debates concerning christian doctrines. If you are honest you have to say it could go either way.

I have noticed this to be a condition of the universe. I am thinking of naming it so maybe others will notice. If you think about this condition, to me its proof positive evidence of a creator who is far advanced from mankind. I don't see how that "law" if I can call it that, could have randomly and spontaneously appeared.
 
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zippy2006

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These premises can not be "proven" (and from within the frame of reference they are used in they needn´t be "proven", I may add.).

Are you speaking of proof in a purely syllogistic way? If you are, then my last post remains applicable. If you are not, then I disagree that basic premises cannot be proven.
 
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quatona

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Are you speaking of proof in a purely syllogistic way?
No.
If you are not, then I disagree that basic premises cannot be proven.
Well, then feel free to go ahead and prove to the OP that he´s not a brain in a vat (i.e that reality as it appears to present itself to him is physical and not a virtual simulation).
 
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durangodawood

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.....feel free to go ahead and prove to the OP that he´s not a brain in a vat (i.e that reality as it appears to present itself to him is physical and not a virtual simulation).
I cant wait!
The not-knowing is killing me!
 
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