My question was this- Why is there an old and new testament? What is the timeline? I have never read the Bible, but am going to start, this question I posed was one of my first confusions.
in the beginning there was simply "a" testament--an oral history that was eventually written down. It tells of the political and spiritual history of the Jews, introduces and explains who God is, and how He worked all thru their history from the very creation of time by God Himself up untill about 400 B.C. (before Christ).
all thru these books we see the effects of sin upon men and how it separated them from God and wrecked havocc in their lives. In Genesis we see both God's justice and His mercy at work.
the old testament also contains many books of the prophets whom God sent with messages both of warning and of hope to His people.
the new testament was written after the life and death of Jesus. When it was written "the" testament was re-named the "old testament" to distinguish it from the new.
The Apostles realized that they needed to record the story of Jesus from His conception thru his death and resurrection so that new believers could learn and so that those who knew Jesus best could tell the true story of what happened. Their books are the first 4 in the new testament, and each one emphasizes a different aspect of who Jesus is.
Matthew (first book) presents Jesus as Israel's promised Messiah (savior) and king.
Mark (second book) presents Jesus as the Servant and emphasizes his ministry. the key word in Mark is "immediately".
Luke (third book) presents the humanity and compassion of Jesus as the "Son of Man" who identified with and took pitty on the sinful state that man existed in apart from God.
John (fourth book) presents Jesus as the Truth from God, the Son of God, the only way to God, and God Himself in person in the flesh.
The next book, called Acts of the Apostles, begins with the events after Jesus' crucifiction, and tells of the early church, how it spread and was persecuted. After that we have a selection of the letters written by the Apostles to churches in various cities,as well as some written to people (book of Timothy, for example).
The new testament finally ends in Revelation, a recorded vision of the future by the Apostle John.