In some of my other discussions the answer has been "yes" to this question. In context, the topic was Noah's flood. My opinion is that given the evidence, a global flood that produced the entire fossil record would require miracles paramount to making 2+2=5. Can God do that? Do miracles violate the natural laws God Himself created? And if miracles don't violate natural law, how is a global flood and a young earth possible?
I haven't, frankly, thought about your question before, so far as I can recall. If one imagines man rather than God designing some mathematical construct around "2 + 2 = 5" I'm not sure it could not be done, but I don't know that the equation alone defines enough to go on. Of course if God can multiply two fish and five loaves into enough of both to feed "the five thousand," then He can turn four fish into five, but is that illustrative of the question you are asking?
Are you asking whether God can make a universe in which 2 + 2 always equals 5? I don't know what that means, therefore I can say neither "yes" nor "no" to the question whether God can make it so. God cannot multiply His own Being, though mathematically infinity + infinity = infinity, if that is relevant (which again I don't know). Can God make a universe in which two heterosexual couples together mean a fifth person is there? Or where two pairs of apples appear together(?), a fifth necessarily also appears? Maybe, but speaking of universes, aren't we passing through Alice's Looking Glass?
Nor do I follow your analogy between Flood fossil record and 2 + 2 = 5 unless you are claiming both are non sequiturs. I agree in some sense however that, if miracles don't violate natural law, a global flood and a young earth is not possible, if I read your question aright.
But I'm not sure I understand the relationship between miracles whose definition one might glean from the Bible and the possibility of 2 + 2 = 5, again I think because I still don't know what 2 + 2 = 5 might mean. And already on this thread miracles, one might say Biblical-type miracles, also seem hard to define in sweeping, perhaps philosophical terms even if we can recognize examples when we read of them in the Bible.
A suspension or violation of natural law might seem a good start, though I have reservations about divorcing "natural law" from supernatural causation and supervision. Isn't the ability of a human being to walk (for those who can) a sort of miracle? Think of all the nerve and muscle groups acting on the skeletal system, the mechanisms for balance and speed of feedback and response to make walking possible, not to mention the visual and cerebral processes needed to step over rocks or avoid objects moving in the walker's path.
Of course the parting of the Red Sea was unusual--not exactly unique in a sense if one includes the Elijah & Elisha crossings of the Jordan River. That sort of event violates--what?--the way gravity and entropy normally work? To say nothing of the timing which effected the deliverance of the Israelites and destruction of the Egyptian army, which seems a major point of the narrative.
Noah's Flood, the narrative insists, was unique--and therefore unusual. Arguable in the creation narrative, water and land (among other pairs in the narrative) were separated, and the separation was called "good." The Flood was then a kind of temporary violation of the good separation; water and land were joined together in a kind of "not good" judgment (much as one would argue that divine wrath and justice is another kind of good, for it is God's, and the narrative makes plain the sin of the descendants of Adam).
So where does that leave miracles? Where God is sovereign over all, for from Him and through Him and to Him are all things, are miracles then merely unique or unusual acts of God, pattern breakers? They seem to be that, but more than that at least in that they say something, mean something, teach something to people (especially christologically, one might argue). And maybe in other ways, I don't know.
Or perhaps one might break down the categories somehow. Is "a transformation from an incomplete natural state, to an ideal natural state" the only category? Does the parting of the Red Sea fit such category? Or the turning of water into blood? Or darkness at noon? Or hail squashing Philistines at "the right time"? Or the collapse of Jericho's walls?
Then too, it is one thing to say God can work miracles and another to claim a particular thing represents or involves a miracle. A fossil may lie in the ground because God's natural laws had a great deal to do with it, or it may be there because some miracle was involved to put it there. Discerning the cause in any particular case would seem one divide in the matters with which you are concerned.
