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Can anyone teach linux/unix?

WeakButHopeful

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As I mentioned in another thread, I'm trying to learn Linux myself. So although I'm not qualified to "teach" you, I could share my notes with you (I'm organized...I keep notes about things I had trouble understanding, and also I keep links to Web sites I found useful). I also have some books on Linux I'm working through (slowly). So, if you don't find anyone better just PM me. If you do find someone better, just ignore this.

God bless.
 
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seebs

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Any program that gives you a command prompt. If your Linux box comes up with a plain old login prompt, just log in; you're on. If it's a graphical environment, look for a program like "xterm" or any of the various console/terminal apps, like Konsole.
 
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Durelen

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Yeah there are a couple ways you can do it I suppose. I’m guessing you are using one computer so you can only have one running OS platform at a time.

1. As I mentioned you can get a free shell account out on the net. Shell accounts are Linux/UNIX/SUN/FreeBSD among other platforms. It’s basically the same as having your own shell account on your own system at home but it’s on someone else’s computer. You do this by searching for free shell accounts and signing up. They will have instructions on how to log in and it usually involves using Telnet. Drawback is it’s mainly command line only but really that is where you should start anyway.

2. You can run Cygwin as like a windows application right ontop of windows. You just boot up windows as usual and run the Cygwin program and you have a linux shell in a window. It’s fairly stable and you can also download the KDE GUI for it if you wish. I’ve had some problems with Cygwin KDE on my laptop but it works okay on my game rig. Cygwin is still a bit limited but it’s a good start if you need to have both platforms running on the same machine at the same time. You can find it at http://www.redhat.com/software/cygwin/

3. I recommend Redhat as your first Linux distribution. I have Mandrake 9.1 and Redhat 9.0 and Redhat is built for the beginner as well as the professional. But before you take a perfectly running windows machine and try to squeeze a linux distribution on the same hard drive (my distributions on their own drives) I highly suggest going with option 2 first as you learn the basics of UNIX based systems (Linux).

4. Oh one more option. Search through www.linux.org for minimalist distributions. I have Linux on Floppy disks that boot right up at startup and work fine. You can also get distributions that you can boot from your own recorded CD-ROM. The good thing is that you need not try to install linux on your hard drive until you are ready. Later you will want to be able to do this anyway so to do rescue work on your systems or for your clients if you visit their sick computer (any type of OS on it) for repairs. The Distribution will point out that it is intended to run from a boot up floppy/CD as opposed to just being a minimalist linux distribution that like what NASA develops and uses.
 
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Durelen

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Lets see, now to interact with it you will probably be using a default BASH (Bourn Again Shell) and all you will need to do is type the commands directly in just like DOS. In fact you will feel the wrath of DOS, so it may seem, but it’s really Linux (Way more powerful).

If you are using a shell account out on the net you will be using your windows telnet program to connect and often the default will be SH or BASH. Same thing. It’s the same for Cygwin or any command line Linux since a shell is a shell and you are in your shell account whether locally or remotely. It’s just you often Telnet in when you do work in Remote shells.

If you installed Red hat then it’s very likely you booted right into the Gnome or KDE GUI and are looking for a command line. KDE and Gnome look just like Microsoft Windows by default so you could click on the red hat which is where the windows start button would be, select System Tools and then Terminal. You can type in your commands right into the terminal window.
 
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ForeverChristian

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well I found this tutorial online and im just looking for something that I can do what the tutorial says.

I have used telnet, i have my own acct in m-net so that's linux? I don't quite understand the concept of linux yet

So I can use telnet to practice linux? freaky... but what happens if I want to install Red Hat? I saw the install files but I couldn't figure out how to do it. And I'm working on a laptop so I kinda can't have a second HD.

If telnet is linux then I already know some of linux.

And ya I want to just try it out and see what I can do with it. I was thinking of programming a game in linux but that's a long-term goal.
 
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WeakButHopeful

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Hi FC, let me give you some general computer education advice (others in the forum please correct me if you think I'm wrong).

1) computer learning has often been compared to "drinking from a fire hose". There's so much volume, and it comes at you so fast, it's hard to take it in. That's why I keep lots of notes of what I've learned and what I haven't (so I can go back later if necessary) and links on the Web. And also I try to focus on the job at hand and not get distracted (easier said than done). And Google and Google Groups is a big help, as are friends.

2) It's hard in a forum like this to explain everything you'd need to know about Linux because, as has been pointed out, Linux (originally Unix) is older than Windows and richer, more complex but not always as friendly. And there's the time delay between your questions and our responses. The one thing you've got going for you is time. When I was young (and dinosaurs roamed the earth) I spent endless hours learning stuff about computers while adults were stuck in boring jobs (now my situation is reversed). I think the best use of your time is reading and experimenting and keeping notes, but I ***do not*** mean you shouldn't ask questions. On the contrary, ask plenty of questions. I just mean your fastest source for many answers in the "man" (short for manual) pages, or the Web. But if you get stuck on a question or if a whole area is so confusing you don't know what to look up, then folks like us or your friends are a good way to go. With this advice I'm just trying to help you make the most progress in the shortest time.

OK, now for some answers to points you raised (keeping in mind my answers will probably just create more questions, which is why I started out with the above advice):

Linux machines are often/usually used as "servers" meaning they sit there, probably with a keyboard and monitor attached to them, but nobody sitting there in front of them. The slang is if someone wants to go to the actual server they "go to the glass". So, Linux machines are there to "serve" multiple users signed-on from remote locations. Telnet is one way to sign-on to another computer from a remote location. It's not Linux specific, it just presents a command line window where you can type into. I Telnet from my WinXP Pro machine to the Red Hat Linux machine behind me sometimes. I could swivel my chair around but the keyboard is lousy and the screen resolution poor. You have a guest acct. at m-net, I'm not familiar with them but I gather it's what others on this forum were talking about. [Other forum folks correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't think he can practice Linux install on a remote guest account...that's something he'd need to do locally in a dual boot mode, right? Of course, he doesn't necessarily need to learn Linux install right away, he can certainly learn Linux concepts and commands first].

As to not being able to have a second HD, well, many folks who do dual boot only have one HD but it depends on the size of your HD and your skill level. On my dual boot I have an 80 gig HD and I break it up in 3 "partitions"...a WinME, RH Linux and Data. You could just do 2 partitions BUT BE CAREFUL, I DON'T WANT YOU TO MESS UP YOUR ONLY PC OR LOSE ANYTHING. That's why I said it depends on your skill level. Partitioning a hard disk so one partition is Windows and one is Linux is common but tricky, and if things go wrong and it's your only PC, things could go downhill fast. That's why having a spare PC is nice. I just have it dual booted so I could learn how to do that, and also to be able to try out some software on a different machine than my XP Pro machine.

Another thing I'll mention is that Linux is an operating system (what provides the interface between programs and the hardware: mouse, display, hard disk, etc). Programming languages are often (but not always) available for various operating systems. And, of course, types of programs are available in pretty much every operating system. So when you say a long term goal is "programming a game in linux" I just thought you should know that means you'll still have to decide what language you'll use. And you'd want to decide whether you were just doing that to learn Linux or whether you expected to make money, because the choice of Linux vs. Windows controls the size of your potential customer base for a game. But that's in the future, as you say.

I hope this has helped. If not PM me or post again here for clarification.

God bless.
 
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mac_philo

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FC,

This is all good information. However I do not agree that you should use Cygwin or a shell account to start with. I think you should jump in and install Linux. It seems like you only have the one laptop, so you have two options:
a)dual-boot windows and linux
b)buy an older, cheap computer from www.ebay.com or www.craigslist.org . For $100-$200 you can find a computer that will run Linux just fine.

If you do option a make sure you have your Windows installation disks in case things go wrong. Defragment your harddrive, then scan the harddrive for errors. Once you've done that just boot your computer with either a Red Hat or Mandrake CD and it will guide you through installation.

Here are good resources for you:
www.tldp.org (The Linux Documentation Project; see HOWTOs)
http://www.icon.co.za/~psheer/book/index.html.gz (A book/tutorial for newbies. Learn it!)

The best place to ask questions are on USENET. comp.os.linux.hardware, comp.os.linux.mandrake, comp.os.linux.setup, etc.

The best place to start searching for answers is the USENET archive. www.google.com/groups. Search for linux + your hardware + your problem.

Another good place to ask questions is IRC, particularly #linuxhelp on the Undernet network.

Here is the guide to asking good questions about Linux. Read this and take it seriously. www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

Ok, that's a start. If you do with a shell account/cygwin you will learn. In some ways a shell account is best: no graphics, only command line. But will you stick with that? It may be better to jump in with both feet.
 
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Durelen

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M-net is actually a public UNIX server but that’s perfectly fine. You will find as you learn Linux that much of that knowledge can be applied to UNIX systems as well. There is no need to try to set up Linux on their server because you are working in a functioning shell account already. What that copy of linux is there for is so you can down load it and install it on your machine if you like, but I highly do not recommend doing that yet especially on your only laptop. I know it’s tempting though but trust us and get the basics down first which won’t take long.

Yes you can do many things in that shell account but not everything of course. Lets see, you can set up your own IRC server there but that’s part of their fee service. Many offer that for free but that’s not important right now. Ahh they have lynx which is a terminal web browser. They offer compilers so you can write a quick “hello world” program or whatever and try to compile it on their computer. You can put up a webpage and most likely with no banner adds or popups. May have PHP and Mysql for your own forums but it does not say. They have email but I don’t know if it’s POP but probably is. It has all the common UNIX utilities so that a good thing. Mostly right now you will just want to copy, paste, move and delete files, read help man/s, try to run the compilers and browser and what ever you come across.

Once you get the basic understanding of how Linux works, you should spend lots of time learning how to set it up (from reading). Learn how partitioning is done and how the partition will interact with your existing windows install on your hard drive. Another point about installing on a laptop is whether or not it will work in the first place. You can go to linux.org and view the laptop compatibility list there. The GUI won’t work on my laptop but command line works fine. Also I have a winmodem that Linux has no interest in… err or should I say the modem is a brain dead windows zombie? I have two Linux boxes so I’m not concerned about having the GUI on my laptop.

Honestly, with all the boot up linux floppy/CD’s and shell accounts along with Linux distributions like Cygwin you could avoid partitioning your laptop for some time. The best way to go would be to scrounge up parts to make your own Linux box with a network card. All you would need to do is build a barebones box and plug your laptop into it for the monitor until you pick up a monitor. Wall Mart sells Linux Boxes (with Linux installed) for $200 now but you can build it yourself for less or even for free as well.

You want to program on Linux/UNIX? You found the perfect OS for that for sure. Since a lot of stuff is open source (you can look at their code) you have plenty of examples on how to code. Myself, I’ve been pretty intrigued with MUD (Multi User Dungeon) programming in the C language. All of those big MMORPG servers run on server OS’s like you are learning right now. I’m also interested in imbedded Linux which is flaming hot right now. Linux/UNIX is in no danger of becoming extinct in any way but actually very likely the prominent home OS of the future.
 
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mac_philo

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Well I have never found a free shell account where he could actually do all those fun things. Irc and lynx are always restricted to paying members in my experience. He may get access to a compiler or maybe free web hosting.

If he really wants to go the shell route he either has to pay for a real shell or he could ask someone here to let him have an account on their Linux box, which he could then ssh into.
 
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mac_philo

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www.linuxiso.org lets you download the cds from a webpage.

Remember, Knoppix is for running OFF the CD. It won't be as fast or good as real linux, but you won't have to successfully install it.
RedHat and Mandrake are newbie friendly. You don't always need ALL the cds. (Mandrake you don't really need the 3rd.) Remember you need to download cds for INTEL x86. You don't want PPC or SPARC cds. Don't worry if that is greek to you; just download the x86 cds.

If you don't have high-speed internet it will take days to download. Then just order the cds from www.cheapbytes.com.
 
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Durelen

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So you want to download it now? I don’t recommend it but it’s your system and I already warned you, but hands on is good anyway. I learned how to do it after I completely messed up my computer some years back. It took a few tries but I got it right. Lol I actually had to have a friend put my hard drive back together after the first try but that was an early breed of Linux. Still though, good to know what you are doing first…



Okay first you need a decent ftp client. For Windows I use smartFTP from http://www.smartftp.com and you can pause or quit the download and resume it at any time with this program.



Once it’s installed enter this into the Address: ftp://mirrors.usc.edu:21/pub/linux/distributions/redhat/redhat/linux/9/en/iso/i386 Login: Anonymous Password: “your email address” on port: 21



Oh to download with the ftp program after you log in just right click the file and select Download > Direct > Select Folder



Now download: Shrike-i386-disk1.iso Shrike-i386-disk2.iso and Shrike-i386-disk3.iso

Each time you download one you can use your CD writing program to write the ISO files to the CD-Rom. An ISO file is just a complete package of all the files making up the program, which is Linux in this case. Your writer program will unpack the files from the ISO file and write all the files to the CD.



As for Lynx you already can use that with that shell account you have. Different servers offer different services. Some even let you run *****X and eggdrop on their servers for free. I even know a few that will let you run a MUD for free. The best free service I’ve seen will let you run up to three back ground processes with you account. I’ll share a portion of my list of servers upon request.


lol *****X is an IRC server program. As in girl dog X :sorry:
 
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