Here in Canada, you would go to the local police, fill out an application, and pay some money (I think it's $40 or $45). We have a federal license system with three classes of licence; Possession and Acquisition License; Restricted Possession and Acquisition; Prohibited Possession and Acquisition. The first two require federally mandated safety courses, The third, if you hold either of the first two can only be grand-fathered from owner to owners children; no new prohib licenses have been issued outside of the Grandfather clause (other than museums) since the prohibitions came into effect about 25 years ago.
Not only does the issuance of any of these licenses require passing these courses, but includes an extensive application form that includes personal references, spousal approval, and the RCMP does an extensive criminal and mental health background check before approval.
Since we have a national police data base, every single license holder is checked electronically at least once every 24 hours.
So, how does this affect Canadians?
Well, there are almost zero incidence of gun crimes being committed by legal owners.
Virtually zero legally sourced firearms being used in gun crimes of any kind.
We have a society with lots of legal guns and lots of legal gun owners, and no need to carry firearms for personal defense, unless you are in law enforcement or security work. (Carry permits are available to trappers, Hunting & fishing guides, and persons who work in remote areas where there is the possibility of bear attacks.)
Police really don't care or worry about legal owners; they can concentrate on those who illegally possess and use firearms.
It's not so bad.
What is bad is when our politicians cite violence statistics in the US as though they were our own to instill panic among the uneducated masses to get re-elected on the promise of "fixing Canada's (non existent problem with legal guns).
We are far from perfect, but it's not as bad as the NFA wants our US neighbors to believe.