Turning Chains:
At beginning of rows, a certain number of chains are required to bring work up to the level of the stitch that is to be made. The number of chains depends on the height of the stitch and usually replaces the first stitch of each new row. When instructions place turning chains at the end of a row, turn work right to left to avoid twisting chain unless you're left handed, then you'd turn workd from left to right. Below is a guide for the number of chains required to equal the stitch height:
- Single crochet: chain 1 to turn, insert hook in 1st stitch of new row.
- Half double crochet: chain 2 to turn, insert hook in 2nd stitch of new row.
- Double crochet: chain 3 to turn, insert hook in 2nd stitch of new row.
- Triple crochet: chain 4 to turn, insert hook in 2nd stitch of new row.
Variations apply to all basic rules and will depend on what you prefer in your work.