oryx
The scimitar-horned oryx, named for its scimitar-shaped horns, weighs up to 220 kg (480 lb). The scimitar-horned oryx inhabits the sub-desert lands - the transition zones between true desert (Sahara) and the
Sahel, with a rainfall of under 200 mm (8"). It is found in rolling dunes, grassy steppes and wooded inter-dunal depressions. It very rarely penetrates either true desert or true sahel country (
Newby 1980). The scimitar-horned oryx eats a variety of grasses, as well as fruit and leaves. It is well adapted to arid lands, being able to go for 9 - 10 months without drinking water by utilizing the moisture in the vegetation it eats.
The scimitar-horned oryx is
gregarious, living in groups with a wide range of sizes, generally up to 70 individuals. At certain times of the year, in areas of fresh pasture or surface water after rainfall, or during the wet season migrations, herds may number up to 1000 - in the past, considerably more. Herds of scimitar-horned oryx migrate north into the Sahara during the wet season and return south at the beginning of the dry season.
It was formerly distributed from
Mauritania in the west to the Red Sea in the east, but it has declined almost to extinction. Overhunting is the major cause of the decline, especially after motorized hunting with modern firearms began. Hunting has been carried out by nomads, oil surveyors, and military personnel, for meat, hides and sport. In addition, its habitat has become increasingly drier and less suitable, due to long-term climate change as well as to overgrazing by livestock and man's destruction of tree cover. Furthermore, the increasing presence of livestock has driven the oryx away from the pastures where it formerly obtained both food and water.