I have a yoke on my shoulders. The yoke of the word of the Lord. And I must testify to this yoke; otherwise, woe is me. My request to those reading this email is to submit it to your elders and pastor, and those who are most knowledgeable about the Scriptures. Therefore, I want to begin with a disclaimer: I am not part of an organized cult.
But what is it? My fear is the fear of the Lord, without respect of persons.
Even though God's word—namely, what I am to testify to the world—conflicts with human traditions, creeds, church councils, commentaries of men, and religious authorities, I am still obligated before the Lord to testify of His word. Even though, as a result, I am personally slandered, looked at with disdain, attacked, hated, ridiculed, or no longer considered welcome in churches.
I have to answer to Him. And this is also the privilege of His witnesses, to be slandered for the sake of the word of the Lord.
Therefore, do not regard what I am now going to write to you as a personal attack on you as a person or as a church, for my fight is not against flesh and blood, and I hope yours is not either.
If I make any errors in the citation of Scripture, the corresponding verse numbering, or any spelling mistakes, I apologize in advance. I'm not perfect.
I pray that the Lord will grant you discernment in what I write to you. Whether it is from the Lord or not, you are free to do with it as you wish, accept it or reject it. By informing you, I have at least done my part, and my hands are clean. Let me now begin my argument with you: Why is the man Jesus Christ the Son of God, and why is Jesus Christ the Lord?
Virtually all Christian denominations in the world today profess that Jesus is the Son of God and the Lord. Roman Catholics, Greek Orthodox, Reformed, Adventists, Baptists, and even Jehovah's Witnesses and Unitarian groups, and so on. They all profess that Jesus is the Son of God and the Lord—although they differ widely on the definition of these terms.
In this argument, I will omit how Jehovah's Witnesses and Unitarian groups confess Jesus as the Son of God and their Lord, because these groups are relatively small compared to the dominant denomination I will be discussing, the faith also professed by most people on this site.
We must ask ourselves, is a confession genuine if one doesn't truly understand what one is saying, or if one misunderstands what one is confessing? Does such a confession have any value with God? Does God seek our lips, or our hearts?
What says the word of the Lord?
Matthew 15:8-9 This people draws near to me with their mouths, and honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. Yet in vain they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.
Mark 7:13 Thus you nullify the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.
For in a certain place, Jesus also testifies:
Matthew 7:21 Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father in heaven.
The general Christian understanding of the terms "Son of God" and "Lord" is held by the vast majority of Christian denominations, from Roman Catholics to Evangelicals and everything in between. This is embodied in two creeds: the Nicene and the Athanasian.
These confessions aimed to summarize the universal Christian faith and thereby unite Christians. Christianity at that time was also deeply divided on this issue.
Jesus Christ teaches us to test everything by its fruit. A good tree cannot produce bad fruit. This is a good standard by which to test everything. It also applies to each of us personally. If we have the truth, the fruit, and with it, God's promises, should become visible in our lives. For without works, faith is dead, and the gospel is not of word alone, but also of power. Anyone who thinks they believe correctly is obliged to walk as Jesus Christ himself.
First, we may ask ourselves, have these confessions succeeded in keeping Christians in unity and in producing the good fruit of God's word?
In summary, these two confessions teach us that God is a single triune being, consisting of three eternal persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. All three persons are co-eternal and co-equal, and the same being. However, the persons cannot be intermixed. God is therefore one being in three persons, and three persons in one being, but never one person alone or three separate beings. This is called an incomprehensible mystery. It is accepted as a progressive insight from the Scriptures, gradually revealed to the church, and what sets Christianity apart from all other religions. Within this doctrine, the man Jesus Christ is confessed with two natures: man from Mary, and God from God; namely, the second divine person of the triune God, God the Son, whom they hold to be the divine Son of God.
When these creeds were formulated in the 300s and 400s AD, the Roman government had to enforce them on the population by force and sword. Gradually, anyone who thought differently was silenced and expelled from the Roman Empire, and later even killed.
Anyone who thought differently was labeled a heretic.
Thus, the way was paved for the increasing censorship of God's word in the Middle Ages, and in its place came the confessions. One was only allowed to read and understand God's word through the lens of these confessions. Anything beyond that was taboo, and no questions were allowed.
Gradually, the European people fell into a deep darkness, which, while nominally Christian, were in practice the opposite. Rites, pilgrimages, indulgences, rosaries, image veneration, Marian devotion, the influence of Greco-Roman philosophies, gigantic cathedrals with outward splendor and pomp.
All of this replaced the simplicity of the Gospel and God's word. The opulent lives of the bishops reflected nothing of the life of the suffering Messiah. But the Church ruled by force. The writings and commentaries of Church Fathers supplanted the writings of the Gospel. The popes increasingly amassed power. Even kings were subordinated to the power of the popes. The word of the pope replaced truth, and anyone who disagreed lost the right to live and were hunted down by the Inquisition.
More and more blasphemous doctrines were invented, such as the obligatory observance of Sunday, the obligatory Eucharist, purgatory, indulgences, the perpetual virginity and sinlessness of Mary, and the elevation of Mary to Queen of Heaven. Also, the infallibility of the Pope and his blasphemous titles of Holy Father and Vicar of Christ.
Possession of a Bible was prohibited, and punishable by death. Crusades burned entire villages to the ground, on the Pope's orders. Men, women, and children throughout the continent were tortured and burned alive, all in the name of Christ and God. Dissenters were hunted down by mercenary armies, hired heretic hunters, in the mountains and forests of Europe. People were excluded from society, the economy, and everyday life if they refused to submit to the authority of the state church.
Unfortunately, few people today are well-informed about their history. And when the Reformation finally gained momentum, and people began organized resistance to this injustice of the state church, Europe entered a series of religious wars with an internal chaos unprecendented around the world. But today, Christianity is still more divided than many other religion on earth.
My conclusion, therefore, is that all of this can be traced back to its root. And that is not God's word—but the commandments of people who render God's word of none effect.
Jesus Christ had already prophesied all of this. His word is the good seed, and we are the field. The good seed of God cannot produce bad fruit. But the workers in Jesus' parable saw bad fruit growing among the good fruit and wondered how this was possible. Jesus said that the adversary, Satan, also sowed his bad seed among the good seed. The workers asked if they should take it out, but Jesus said no, because then they might also take out the good. So he said to let it grow together until the harvest, and then the difference will be made.
This evil seed is the word of Satan—and this is the word of men.
When Peter contradicted Jesus and declared that Jesus would not be crucified, Jesus said
Matthew 16:23 But he turned and said to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; for you do not savour the things that are of God, but the things that are of men."
So Peter spoke for a time the word of Satan, the inventions of men.
And this word of Satan, which stands in contrast to the word of God, is precisely those creeds, those church councils, and those teachings of men that render God's word powerless and obscure the light of the gospel. However pious, learned, and true they may sound, and however closely they may attempt to approach the truth, they are not inspired and should not be considered as such and therefore should not form the foundation of our faith or our unity: they will never achieve sound faith or unity, and history is proof of that.
A house built on any other foundation than the word of God alone will ultimately fall. All the evil and divisions that stain and still obscure Christianity are found in these human teachings. If Christians want to be witnesses of the truth to the world and see God's promises fulfilled in their lives, they must limit themselves to God's word alone. How is it possible that thousands of denominations today, while fundamentally professing the same faith, cannot live together under one roof? This cannot be the fruit of the truth, because the truth, God's Word, leads to unity among believers, such a profound unity that worthily testifies to the world that Jesus is the truth.
Let us now examine what the Bible has to say about the concepts of "Son of God" and "Lord" in relation to Jesus, apart from the generally accepted confessions of faith.
The word of God gives simple answers to the question why the man Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Let us cite two testimonies for this:
Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said to her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also that Holy One who will be born of you will be called the Son of God."
Matthew 1:20 And while he was thinking about these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary your wife to you, for that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit."
Here, then, we have two testimonies from Scripture that explain why the man Jesus is called the Son of God: Because He is a man who would be born of God.
Jesus Christ testified to this many times in his life. John the Baptist, his disciples, and Paul also testify to this. Above all, God himself testifies to this. Therefore, we need have no doubt that the man Jesus is the Son of God.
But what does it mean that the man Jesus was born of God? This belief has far-reaching consequences.
If you're still not convinced that the man Jesus came from God, let's cite a list of testimonies that show that the man Jesus was born of God.
- John 2:4 Jesus said to her, "Woman, what have I to do with you? My hour has not yet come." We already see that the man Jesus distanced himself from Mary early in his ministry. Yes, Joseph and Mary are the legal parents of Jesus. But Jesus never actually calls Mary his mother in the Scriptures. And this aligns with the testimony that the man Jesus is from God, and therefore not truly of Joseph and Mary. This contrasts with the human doctrine of Athanasius, which teaches that Mary is the literal mother of the man Jesus.
- John 3:13 And no one has ascended to heaven but he who came down from heaven, the Son of Man. Here the man Jesus says he has already come down from heaven. In effect, Jesus is saying that he was born of God.
The only thing that literally descended from heaven was the Spirit of God, which overshadowed Mary. But because the man Jesus was conceived by that Spirit, he descended, as it were, from heaven. This man may claim equality with that Spirit. He is entitled to it.
John the Baptist himself also testifies that the man Jesus is from heaven: John 3:31 He who comes from above is above all; he who is of the earth is of the earth, and speaks from the earth. He who comes from heaven is above all; 32 and he testifies to what he has seen and heard, and no one accepts his testimony.
Jesus himself testifies of John the Baptist that John is the greatest man born of women. By this, Jesus essentially implies that he is not of Mary. For John testifies of Jesus Christ, that Jesus is greater than everyone. So Jesus is not of the woman, but of God.
Matthew 11:11 Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist:
Sadly, few people today accept this testimony. It is a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense. The Catholic Church and the teachings of Athanasius hold that the man Jesus was formed from"the flesh" of Mary. True, with the help of God's spirit, but nonetheless from her flesh and blood. A biological link is sought as an excuse for the veneration of Mary, which has become increasingly worse over the centuries. If the truth were to come out that Jesus has no biological link to Mary at all, this house of cards of lies would collapse. So there are very strong interests in concealing the truth. Yet God's word shines like a light in the darkness, and "the darkness has not overcome it."
Unfortunately, this false doctrine regarding the origin of the body of Jesus is also professed by the vast majority of Protestant churches. This blinds them to the true meaning of the Son of God.
And only when one truly recognizes and confesses who the body of Christ is from and of, will one's eyes be opened to who the Spirit of the body of Christ truly is.
But doesn't Paul say that Jesus Christ, according to the flesh, is the son of David? As he makes clear in Romans 1? Paul does indeed say this, and it is true.
However, the church fathers misunderstood what Paul meant, and you probably as well. You probably think that Paul is talking about Jesus ''his flesh." But that's not what Paul means. He's talking about "the flesh," a very important distinction. Unfortunately, this distinction has been erased in many modern translations, and people have translated their own understanding into the Bible to maintain the physical link with Mary. So one has to go to the older translations to see this important distinction.
By "according to the flesh," Paul means something quite different from "the flesh of Christ."
He is referring to the "carnal mind," and that is, ours.
According to the carnal mind, that is, according to appearances, Jesus Christ is indeed the son of David. But, according to the spirit, that is, according to truth, the man Jesus Christ is the Son of God, a body wholly of God. That is the true meaning and recognition of Jesus' sonship according to the testimony of God's word.
We humans are naturally carnal. We judge according to the flesh. That is, what seems outwardly true. But what did Jesus say?
John 8:15 You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one.
In both genealogies, in Matthew and Luke, Jesus Christ is considered the son of David, because of Joseph. Joseph was a literal son of David, and he was also the father of Jesus "according to the flesh," that is, only supposedly-so. We all know that Joseph was not his literal biological father; Scripture leaves no room for interpretation. But few recognize that Mary is not his literal mother either.
The Jews thought (and still think today) that the Messiah will be a literal physical descendant of David. But Jesus refutes this idea with a very clever question.
Matthew 22:42 And he said, "What think you of Christ? Whose son is he?" They said to him, "The son of David." 43 He said to them, "How then does David in spirit call him Lord?" And the Jews had no answer.
Paul also testifies:
1 Corinthians 15:47 The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is the Lord from heaven.
But what is it? My fear is the fear of the Lord, without respect of persons.
Even though God's word—namely, what I am to testify to the world—conflicts with human traditions, creeds, church councils, commentaries of men, and religious authorities, I am still obligated before the Lord to testify of His word. Even though, as a result, I am personally slandered, looked at with disdain, attacked, hated, ridiculed, or no longer considered welcome in churches.
I have to answer to Him. And this is also the privilege of His witnesses, to be slandered for the sake of the word of the Lord.
Therefore, do not regard what I am now going to write to you as a personal attack on you as a person or as a church, for my fight is not against flesh and blood, and I hope yours is not either.
If I make any errors in the citation of Scripture, the corresponding verse numbering, or any spelling mistakes, I apologize in advance. I'm not perfect.
I pray that the Lord will grant you discernment in what I write to you. Whether it is from the Lord or not, you are free to do with it as you wish, accept it or reject it. By informing you, I have at least done my part, and my hands are clean. Let me now begin my argument with you: Why is the man Jesus Christ the Son of God, and why is Jesus Christ the Lord?
Virtually all Christian denominations in the world today profess that Jesus is the Son of God and the Lord. Roman Catholics, Greek Orthodox, Reformed, Adventists, Baptists, and even Jehovah's Witnesses and Unitarian groups, and so on. They all profess that Jesus is the Son of God and the Lord—although they differ widely on the definition of these terms.
In this argument, I will omit how Jehovah's Witnesses and Unitarian groups confess Jesus as the Son of God and their Lord, because these groups are relatively small compared to the dominant denomination I will be discussing, the faith also professed by most people on this site.
We must ask ourselves, is a confession genuine if one doesn't truly understand what one is saying, or if one misunderstands what one is confessing? Does such a confession have any value with God? Does God seek our lips, or our hearts?
What says the word of the Lord?
Matthew 15:8-9 This people draws near to me with their mouths, and honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. Yet in vain they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.
Mark 7:13 Thus you nullify the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many things like that.
For in a certain place, Jesus also testifies:
Matthew 7:21 Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father in heaven.
The general Christian understanding of the terms "Son of God" and "Lord" is held by the vast majority of Christian denominations, from Roman Catholics to Evangelicals and everything in between. This is embodied in two creeds: the Nicene and the Athanasian.
These confessions aimed to summarize the universal Christian faith and thereby unite Christians. Christianity at that time was also deeply divided on this issue.
Jesus Christ teaches us to test everything by its fruit. A good tree cannot produce bad fruit. This is a good standard by which to test everything. It also applies to each of us personally. If we have the truth, the fruit, and with it, God's promises, should become visible in our lives. For without works, faith is dead, and the gospel is not of word alone, but also of power. Anyone who thinks they believe correctly is obliged to walk as Jesus Christ himself.
First, we may ask ourselves, have these confessions succeeded in keeping Christians in unity and in producing the good fruit of God's word?
In summary, these two confessions teach us that God is a single triune being, consisting of three eternal persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. All three persons are co-eternal and co-equal, and the same being. However, the persons cannot be intermixed. God is therefore one being in three persons, and three persons in one being, but never one person alone or three separate beings. This is called an incomprehensible mystery. It is accepted as a progressive insight from the Scriptures, gradually revealed to the church, and what sets Christianity apart from all other religions. Within this doctrine, the man Jesus Christ is confessed with two natures: man from Mary, and God from God; namely, the second divine person of the triune God, God the Son, whom they hold to be the divine Son of God.
When these creeds were formulated in the 300s and 400s AD, the Roman government had to enforce them on the population by force and sword. Gradually, anyone who thought differently was silenced and expelled from the Roman Empire, and later even killed.
Anyone who thought differently was labeled a heretic.
Thus, the way was paved for the increasing censorship of God's word in the Middle Ages, and in its place came the confessions. One was only allowed to read and understand God's word through the lens of these confessions. Anything beyond that was taboo, and no questions were allowed.
Gradually, the European people fell into a deep darkness, which, while nominally Christian, were in practice the opposite. Rites, pilgrimages, indulgences, rosaries, image veneration, Marian devotion, the influence of Greco-Roman philosophies, gigantic cathedrals with outward splendor and pomp.
All of this replaced the simplicity of the Gospel and God's word. The opulent lives of the bishops reflected nothing of the life of the suffering Messiah. But the Church ruled by force. The writings and commentaries of Church Fathers supplanted the writings of the Gospel. The popes increasingly amassed power. Even kings were subordinated to the power of the popes. The word of the pope replaced truth, and anyone who disagreed lost the right to live and were hunted down by the Inquisition.
More and more blasphemous doctrines were invented, such as the obligatory observance of Sunday, the obligatory Eucharist, purgatory, indulgences, the perpetual virginity and sinlessness of Mary, and the elevation of Mary to Queen of Heaven. Also, the infallibility of the Pope and his blasphemous titles of Holy Father and Vicar of Christ.
Possession of a Bible was prohibited, and punishable by death. Crusades burned entire villages to the ground, on the Pope's orders. Men, women, and children throughout the continent were tortured and burned alive, all in the name of Christ and God. Dissenters were hunted down by mercenary armies, hired heretic hunters, in the mountains and forests of Europe. People were excluded from society, the economy, and everyday life if they refused to submit to the authority of the state church.
Unfortunately, few people today are well-informed about their history. And when the Reformation finally gained momentum, and people began organized resistance to this injustice of the state church, Europe entered a series of religious wars with an internal chaos unprecendented around the world. But today, Christianity is still more divided than many other religion on earth.
My conclusion, therefore, is that all of this can be traced back to its root. And that is not God's word—but the commandments of people who render God's word of none effect.
Jesus Christ had already prophesied all of this. His word is the good seed, and we are the field. The good seed of God cannot produce bad fruit. But the workers in Jesus' parable saw bad fruit growing among the good fruit and wondered how this was possible. Jesus said that the adversary, Satan, also sowed his bad seed among the good seed. The workers asked if they should take it out, but Jesus said no, because then they might also take out the good. So he said to let it grow together until the harvest, and then the difference will be made.
This evil seed is the word of Satan—and this is the word of men.
When Peter contradicted Jesus and declared that Jesus would not be crucified, Jesus said
Matthew 16:23 But he turned and said to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; for you do not savour the things that are of God, but the things that are of men."
So Peter spoke for a time the word of Satan, the inventions of men.
And this word of Satan, which stands in contrast to the word of God, is precisely those creeds, those church councils, and those teachings of men that render God's word powerless and obscure the light of the gospel. However pious, learned, and true they may sound, and however closely they may attempt to approach the truth, they are not inspired and should not be considered as such and therefore should not form the foundation of our faith or our unity: they will never achieve sound faith or unity, and history is proof of that.
A house built on any other foundation than the word of God alone will ultimately fall. All the evil and divisions that stain and still obscure Christianity are found in these human teachings. If Christians want to be witnesses of the truth to the world and see God's promises fulfilled in their lives, they must limit themselves to God's word alone. How is it possible that thousands of denominations today, while fundamentally professing the same faith, cannot live together under one roof? This cannot be the fruit of the truth, because the truth, God's Word, leads to unity among believers, such a profound unity that worthily testifies to the world that Jesus is the truth.
Let us now examine what the Bible has to say about the concepts of "Son of God" and "Lord" in relation to Jesus, apart from the generally accepted confessions of faith.
The word of God gives simple answers to the question why the man Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Let us cite two testimonies for this:
Luke 1:35 And the angel answered and said to her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also that Holy One who will be born of you will be called the Son of God."
Matthew 1:20 And while he was thinking about these things, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary your wife to you, for that which is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit."
Here, then, we have two testimonies from Scripture that explain why the man Jesus is called the Son of God: Because He is a man who would be born of God.
Jesus Christ testified to this many times in his life. John the Baptist, his disciples, and Paul also testify to this. Above all, God himself testifies to this. Therefore, we need have no doubt that the man Jesus is the Son of God.
But what does it mean that the man Jesus was born of God? This belief has far-reaching consequences.
If you're still not convinced that the man Jesus came from God, let's cite a list of testimonies that show that the man Jesus was born of God.
- John 2:4 Jesus said to her, "Woman, what have I to do with you? My hour has not yet come." We already see that the man Jesus distanced himself from Mary early in his ministry. Yes, Joseph and Mary are the legal parents of Jesus. But Jesus never actually calls Mary his mother in the Scriptures. And this aligns with the testimony that the man Jesus is from God, and therefore not truly of Joseph and Mary. This contrasts with the human doctrine of Athanasius, which teaches that Mary is the literal mother of the man Jesus.
- John 3:13 And no one has ascended to heaven but he who came down from heaven, the Son of Man. Here the man Jesus says he has already come down from heaven. In effect, Jesus is saying that he was born of God.
The only thing that literally descended from heaven was the Spirit of God, which overshadowed Mary. But because the man Jesus was conceived by that Spirit, he descended, as it were, from heaven. This man may claim equality with that Spirit. He is entitled to it.
John the Baptist himself also testifies that the man Jesus is from heaven: John 3:31 He who comes from above is above all; he who is of the earth is of the earth, and speaks from the earth. He who comes from heaven is above all; 32 and he testifies to what he has seen and heard, and no one accepts his testimony.
Jesus himself testifies of John the Baptist that John is the greatest man born of women. By this, Jesus essentially implies that he is not of Mary. For John testifies of Jesus Christ, that Jesus is greater than everyone. So Jesus is not of the woman, but of God.
Matthew 11:11 Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist:
Sadly, few people today accept this testimony. It is a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense. The Catholic Church and the teachings of Athanasius hold that the man Jesus was formed from"the flesh" of Mary. True, with the help of God's spirit, but nonetheless from her flesh and blood. A biological link is sought as an excuse for the veneration of Mary, which has become increasingly worse over the centuries. If the truth were to come out that Jesus has no biological link to Mary at all, this house of cards of lies would collapse. So there are very strong interests in concealing the truth. Yet God's word shines like a light in the darkness, and "the darkness has not overcome it."
Unfortunately, this false doctrine regarding the origin of the body of Jesus is also professed by the vast majority of Protestant churches. This blinds them to the true meaning of the Son of God.
And only when one truly recognizes and confesses who the body of Christ is from and of, will one's eyes be opened to who the Spirit of the body of Christ truly is.
But doesn't Paul say that Jesus Christ, according to the flesh, is the son of David? As he makes clear in Romans 1? Paul does indeed say this, and it is true.
However, the church fathers misunderstood what Paul meant, and you probably as well. You probably think that Paul is talking about Jesus ''his flesh." But that's not what Paul means. He's talking about "the flesh," a very important distinction. Unfortunately, this distinction has been erased in many modern translations, and people have translated their own understanding into the Bible to maintain the physical link with Mary. So one has to go to the older translations to see this important distinction.
By "according to the flesh," Paul means something quite different from "the flesh of Christ."
He is referring to the "carnal mind," and that is, ours.
According to the carnal mind, that is, according to appearances, Jesus Christ is indeed the son of David. But, according to the spirit, that is, according to truth, the man Jesus Christ is the Son of God, a body wholly of God. That is the true meaning and recognition of Jesus' sonship according to the testimony of God's word.
We humans are naturally carnal. We judge according to the flesh. That is, what seems outwardly true. But what did Jesus say?
John 8:15 You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one.
In both genealogies, in Matthew and Luke, Jesus Christ is considered the son of David, because of Joseph. Joseph was a literal son of David, and he was also the father of Jesus "according to the flesh," that is, only supposedly-so. We all know that Joseph was not his literal biological father; Scripture leaves no room for interpretation. But few recognize that Mary is not his literal mother either.
The Jews thought (and still think today) that the Messiah will be a literal physical descendant of David. But Jesus refutes this idea with a very clever question.
Matthew 22:42 And he said, "What think you of Christ? Whose son is he?" They said to him, "The son of David." 43 He said to them, "How then does David in spirit call him Lord?" And the Jews had no answer.
Paul also testifies:
1 Corinthians 15:47 The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is the Lord from heaven.