It is Day One of the Creation Week and God creates Earth ex nihilo (from nothing) by speaking it into existence.
Heretofore the level of mass/energy in the physical universe is zero; since the physical universe didn't exist yet.
Afterwards, the level of mass/energy in the physical universe is now equal to the earth.
Here's my question:
What physical evidence would convince you this happened?
I submit there isn't any.
What say you?
the entire Genesis creation account is in a chiastic pattern. every verse has a pair either the opener or the closer. Gen 1:1 is a perfect example at it's parallel is Gen 2:1 which can be seen as follows:
[open] 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
[close] 2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array.
This reveals to us that Gen 1:1 is not of creative action because it is mirrored in Gen 2:1 as it's closing which is clearly a conclusionary statement; thus Gen 1:1 is an introductory statement where the 2 function a bit like bookends. This is important to establish if we are trying to map out a timeline of when God created what
Gen 1:2 is also interesting as it lists 3 raw incomplete state
1:2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
It's paired with 2:2-3. For reference, I'll refer to 1:2 as [day 0] and 2:2-3 as day 7 (even though I know there is no formal [day 0], which is why I put it in square brackets)
where [day 0] is formless day 7 is formed, [day 0] is empty, day 7 is full, [day 0] is of darkness, day 7 is of light and we can go on contrasting the two, chaos/rest, dark/light, incomplete/complete, etc... The text shows us how day 7 is the antithesis and answer to this [day 0]. This also points to a salvation metaphor where we ourselves start as unformed, chaos, darkness, incomplete etc... and when light (salvation from Christ) is spoken into us it starts a process that ends in rest, it also foreshadows Christ (who calls himself the light of the world), baptism, the resurrection, the new heaven and earth and anything from old to new, empty to full, dark to light, etc.... To me this passage is one of the most impactful of all scripture, and through this chiastic pattern, it helps reveal to us some of the intentional order and contrasts which point to deeper meaning, such as salvation.
Another thing that is contrasted in day 7 is God's order, whereas [day 0] is not revealed of or from God's order. This is why it is important to establish that 1:1 is not of creative action but functions as an introductory statement to the passage as a whole. This means God did not create the contents of 1:2 out of the action listed in 1:1 as 1:1 does is not refer to direct action but instead introduces the account.
So in 1:2 there is a formless/empty earth, darkness over the surface of the deep, and the waters (the spirit of God was hovering over). The next 3 days God speaks into being with his "let there be..." statements of light, water and earth. When we look at 1:2 what is listed are acting as preexisting materials but existing in a type of chaos or low entropy and God then orders and separates them. darkness and the deep is this type of abyss that you stay away from, the sea is often connected with the deep and death itself (in Rev, the sea gives up their dead), these are in ways that frighten, it is also etymologically speaking connected with the Leviathan (a competing creation myth) that God silences by speaking light and is spoken word is gone. the spirit of God is hovering over the waters, which is implicitly in a chaotic state too, in day 2, God separates them and orders them. the earth is formless and empty also in a chaotic state, and in day 3 God separates and orders them. There is a trend happening here and what I see is base pre-existing materials use in creation, which is how an ancient would understand the text as well.
how you create something from nothing would be a more troublesome question than where does the something come from. Look at how Adam is created, he is not zapped into being exnilo, he is formed out of earth. Like building a home requires the materials first then they are organized and put together so that they turn into a house, the house did not just appear and the materials for the house preexistes the house. This is easy to understand and it's how an ancient would understand creation as well, which is why so many ancient myth accounts use things already existing as forming the first structures of land or people that we see as silly today, but made sense to ancient people groups because they start with building materials rather than from nothing.
day 4, 5, 6 have a similar focus. Now that God has organized the preexisting materials of 1:2 he now fills them up. the hebrew word to "create" is more of a filling up or even a concept of "fattening". So in day 4 the cosmos are filled up (connected with day 1) day 5 the skies and sea are filled up (connected with day 2), and as the pattern predicts, day 6 the lands are filled up (connected with day 3)
Exnilo is an abstract concept that would be hard to grasp for an ancient. They would instead approach the concept as an organizing, ordering, filling up, etc... from that which was already there, and that is exactly what we see in the creation account. Is it exnilo? I'm not really sure, I wasn't there, but the account itself I think, favours an ancient concrete model over a modern abstract one, and there's is no need to stuff things in between the lines that the text cannot support.