What do you need clarified?

jacks

Er Victus
Supporter
Jun 29, 2010
3,790
3,035
Northwest US
✟665,851.00
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Married
Politics
US-Others
Actually when they are full grown they aren't so cute. The reason "Baby" Pangolins are so cute is the same reason all babies are cute...so that we take it easy on them when they bug us.
iu
 
  • Informative
Reactions: Tone
Upvote 0

Tone

"Whenever Thou humblest me, Thou makest me great."
Supporter
Dec 24, 2018
15,128
6,906
California
✟61,140.00
Country
United States
Faith
Messianic
Marital Status
Private
What knowledge are you missing from the big picture that is bothering you? From the beginning of the world to eternity. From small to large. Hell and heaven. Good and evil. What would you like clarified?

1. Lack of knowledge never bothers anyone...it's the knowledge of lack that bothers...

2. Timewise...sizewise...placewise...moralwise:

Hmmmmmm...

a. When the Second Coming?

b. What are the dimensions of heaven?

c. How far is hell from heaven...is hell on the way?

d. Is good/evil all about perspective?


Thanks in advance!
 
Upvote 0

Freodin

Devout believer in a theologically different God
Mar 9, 2002
15,711
3,761
Germany, Bavaria, Middle Franconia
Visit site
✟242,764.00
Faith
Atheist
What knowledge are you missing from the big picture that is bothering you? From the beginning of the world to eternity. From small to large. Hell and heaven. Good and evil. What would you like clarified?
Two questions indeed. Well, three, if I may be so presumptuous.

1. On what basis do you think you can clarify these questions?
2. What is the explanation for the (exclusive/clearly defined) weird experience I had when I was a young boy of about 11?
3. What was that weird experience I had when I was a young boy of about 11?
 
Upvote 0

Freodin

Devout believer in a theologically different God
Mar 9, 2002
15,711
3,761
Germany, Bavaria, Middle Franconia
Visit site
✟242,764.00
Faith
Atheist
Actually when they are full grown they aren't so cute. The reason "Baby" Pangolins are so cute is the same reason all babies are cute...so that we take it easy on them when they bug us.
iu
Well... I might get a real good fright when I meet one of those on a dark night... but I still think this is cute.
 
  • Like
Reactions: jacks
Upvote 0
This site stays free and accessible to all because of donations from people like you.
Consider making a one-time or monthly donation. We appreciate your support!
- Dan Doughty and Team Christian Forums

carlv_52

Well-Known Member
Jun 18, 2019
487
458
56
Washington
✟17,804.00
Country
United States
Faith
Seeker
Marital Status
In Relationship
Sense of humour - Marvel don't take themselves too seriously.

I rather despise superhero movies, but I LOVE some of the Marvel movies if only for the goofy asides and dialogue. The Iron Man series have been GREAT for that! Some of the sharpest writing in movies in a long time. If only they could dispense with the unending super-battles. Ugh.
 
Upvote 0

FrumiousBandersnatch

Well-Known Member
Mar 20, 2009
15,258
8,056
✟326,229.00
Faith
Atheist
I rather despise superhero movies, but I LOVE some of the Marvel movies if only for the goofy asides and dialogue. The Iron Man series have been GREAT for that! Some of the sharpest writing in movies in a long time. If only they could dispense with the unending super-battles. Ugh.
Yeah - in the best comics the super-battles are incidental to the philosophy - the personal social, moral, and ethical problems of having and exercising superpowers in a non-super world.
 
Upvote 0

Yttrium

Independent Centrist
May 19, 2019
3,854
4,268
Pacific NW
✟242,497.00
Country
United States
Faith
Skeptic
Marital Status
Single
The Iron Man series have been GREAT for that! Some of the sharpest writing in movies in a long time.

A lot of the writing in the Iron Man movies amounted to "Robert Downey Jr. improvises something here."
 
Upvote 0

jayem

Naturalist
Jun 24, 2003
15,262
6,943
72
St. Louis, MO.
✟371,263.00
Country
United States
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Married
Why are pangolins so cute?

baby-pangolin-facts-1-580f447618528__700.jpg

And Chinese think they're very tasty. They pay many, many yuan to have them as the star attraction at dinner.

Not to mention that their dried, ground up scales supposedly treat asthma, arthritis, anxiety, sexual problems, cancer, and numerous other medical conditions. :doh:
 
Upvote 0
This site stays free and accessible to all because of donations from people like you.
Consider making a one-time or monthly donation. We appreciate your support!
- Dan Doughty and Team Christian Forums

sjastro

Newbie
May 14, 2014
4,855
3,890
✟273,856.00
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Single
1. Why the initial entropy of the universe was so low.

While we don’t know the answer to this there are theories involving inflation or vacuum energy that could provide an explanation.
https://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/Chapter22Lineweaver.pdf

Perhaps a more intriguing question where there is a definitive answer is why the entropy of the universe increases with time in the first place.
As highlighted in the link, the universe is expanding in a thermodynamic isentropic process where entropy is conserved and not increase with time.

The solution to this dilemma is to examine how temperature scales during different epochs in the Universe’s history.
The scale factor “a” is defined a = R(t)/R(t₀) where R(t) is the cosmic scale in the past at some time cosmological t.
R(t₀) = 1 is the cosmic scale now.
The density of matter ρ = m/V (mass/volume).
V ≡ a³ hence ρ scales as a⁻³.
Energy density for matter εₘ = mc²/V also scales as a⁻³.

In the very early universe however which is radiation dominated the energy density εₓ is;
εₓ = hν/V = hc/Vλ where λ is the wavelength of the photon.
Since V ≡ a³ and λ ≡ a then Vλ ≡ a⁴.
The energy density of radiation εₓ scales as a⁻⁴.

Temperature scales differently in a radiation dominated and matter dominated universe.
The Stefan-Bolzmann law tells us the power radiated j by a blackbody is proportional to the 4th power of its temperature T.
j ∝ T⁴.
j = E/t = εₓV/ t ≡ a⁻⁴a³ ≡ a⁻¹
Hence in a radiation dominated universe temperature Tₓ ∝ a⁻¹ and Tₓ scales as a⁻¹.

In a matter dominated universe we can model the universe as an ideal gas undergoing expansion against a constant external pressure p.
The gas is also travelling at non relativistic speeds.
Since the universe is undergoing adiabatic expansion the energy change dE is;
dE = -pdV where dV is the change in volume.

In terms of the scale factor;
d(a³ εₘ) = -pd(a³)

Since the gas is ideal;
p = nkTₘ where n is the number of particles and k is the Boltzmann constant.
Statistical mechanics tells us the average energy density εₘ = (3/2)kTₘ, hence the average pressure is;

p = (2/3)εₘ

Combining this with the equation p = nkTₘ gives;
εₘ = (3/2)nkTₘ

The total energy density needs to include the mass terms of n particles (= nmc²) hence;
εₘ = nmc² + (3/2)nkTₘ

Substituting εₘ = nmc² + (3/2)nkTₘ and p = nkTₘ into the equation d(a³ εₘ) = -pd(a³) gives;
nmc²d(a³n) + (3/2)kd(na³Tₘ) = -nkTₘd(a³)
nmc²d(na³) + (3/2)ka³[d(nTₘ) – Tₘd(na³)] = -nkTₘd(a³)

Note na³ is the number of particles in a volume V.
Since the number of particles in the volume is constant d(na³) = 0 the equation can be simplified to;

(3/2)ka³d(nTₘ) = -nkTₘd(a³) or;
(3/2)dTₘ/Tₘ = -d(a³)/a³

Solving the equation;
log(Tₘ) = -(2/3)logₑ(a³) + logₑ(A) = logₑ(a⁻²) + logₑ(A) or;
Tₘ = Aa⁻²

This differential equation is of the form Tₘ ∝ a⁻² hence in a matter dominated universe temperature scales as a⁻².

Since the current universe is composed of both radiation and matter, thermal equilibrium and maximum entropy can only be achieved if Tₓ = Tₘ.
However since Tₓ and Tₘ scale differently and Tₘ cools down more rapidly in an expanding universe maximum entropy not been achieved since Tₓ ≠ Tₘ, but continues to increase despite the isentropic process.
 
Last edited:
Upvote 0

jacks

Er Victus
Supporter
Jun 29, 2010
3,790
3,035
Northwest US
✟665,851.00
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Married
Politics
US-Others
:scratch::scratch:
While we don’t know the answer to this there are theories involving inflation or vacuum energy that could provide an explanation.
https://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/Chapter22Lineweaver.pdf

Perhaps a more intriguing question where there is a definitive answer is why the entropy of the universe increases with time in the first place.
As highlighted in the link, the universe is expanding in a thermodynamic isentropic process where entropy is conserved and not increase with time.

The solution to this dilemma is to examine how temperature scales during different epochs in the Universe’s history.
The scale factor “a” is defined a = R(t)/R(t₀) where R(t) is the cosmic scale in the past at some time cosmological t.
R(t₀) = 1 is the cosmic scale now.
The density of matter ρ = m/V (mass/volume).
V ≡ a³ hence ρ scales as a⁻³.
Energy density for matter εₘ = mc²/V also scales as a⁻³.

In the very early universe however which is radiation dominated the energy density εₓ is;
εₓ = hν/V = hc/Vλ where λ is the wavelength of the photon.
Since V ≡ a³ and λ ≡ a then Vλ ≡ a⁴.
The energy density of radiation εₓ scales as a⁻⁴.

Temperature scales differently in a radiation dominated and matter dominated universe.
The Stefan-Bolzmann law tells us the power radiated j by a blackbody is proportional to the 4th power of its temperature T.
j ∝ T⁴.
j = E/t = εₓV/ t ≡ a⁻⁴a³ ≡ a⁻¹
Hence in a radiation dominated universe temperature Tₓ ∝ a⁻¹ and Tₓ scales as a⁻¹.

In a matter dominated universe we can model the universe as an ideal gas undergoing expansion against a constant external pressure p.
The gas is also travelling at non relativistic speeds.
Since the universe is undergoing adiabatic expansion the energy change dE is;
dE = -pdV where dV is the change in volume.

In terms of the scale factor;
d(a³ εₘ) = -pd(a³)

Since the gas is ideal;
p = nkTₘ where n is the number of particles and k is the Boltzmann constant.
Statistical mechanics tells us the average energy density εₘ = (3/2)kTₘ, hence the average pressure is;

p = (2/3)εₘ

Combining this with the equation p = nkTₘ gives;
εₘ = (3/2)nkTₘ

The total energy density needs to include the mass terms of n particles (= nmc²) hence;
εₘ = nmc² + (3/2)nkTₘ

Substituting εₘ = nmc² + (3/2)nkTₘ and p = nkTₘ into the equation d(a³ εₘ) = -pd(a³) gives;
nmc²d(a³n) + (3/2)kd(na³Tₘ) = -nkTₘd(a³)
nmc²d(na³) + (3/2)ka³[d(nTₘ) – Tₘd(na³)] = -nkTₘd(a³)

Note na³ is the number of particles in a volume V.
Since the number of particles in the volume is constant d(na³) = 0 the equation can be simplified to;

(3/2)ka³d(nTₘ) = -nkTₘd(a³) or;
(3/2)dTₘ/Tₘ = -d(a³)/a³

Solving the equation;
log(Tₘ) = -(2/3)logₑ(a³) + logₑ(A) = logₑ(a⁻²) + logₑ(A) or;
Tₘ = Aa⁻²

This differential equation is of the form Tₘ ∝ a⁻² hence in a matter dominated universe temperature scales as a⁻².

Since the current universe is composed of both radiation and matter, thermal equilibrium and maximum entropy can only be achieved if Tₓ = Tₘ.
However since Tₓ and Tₘ scale differently and Tₘ cools down more rapidly in an expanding universe maximum entropy not been achieved since Tₓ ≠ Tₘ, but continues to increase despite the isentropic process.

Oh, now I get it...:scratch:
Just kidding, I'm sure this makes sense to the many who are (much) brighter than me.
 
Upvote 0
This site stays free and accessible to all because of donations from people like you.
Consider making a one-time or monthly donation. We appreciate your support!
- Dan Doughty and Team Christian Forums