I don’t consider Nordic states like Sweden to represent socialism since the government does not own the means of production. So my question still stands. Has socialism worked anywhere?
I agree. But I think that even the Nordic states that are under a social democracy have issues that are progressively getting worse. As an example here an AI response to the problems affecting Sweden.
AI Overview
Major problems with social democracy in Sweden in recent decades include a
rapid rise in inequality, the erosion of the traditional welfare state, and significant political fragmentation, including the rise of the far-right Sweden Democrats.
Economic Challenges
- Rising Inequality: Sweden has become one of the most unequal countries in the OECD in terms of wealth distribution, with the number of billionaires per capita exceeding even the United States. This trend is attributed to tax policies that favor capital income over labor income and a shift towards the "knowledge economy".
- Weakening Worker Power: The decline of union strength and collective bargaining has worsened conditions for the working class, leading to an increase in temporary employment (which disproportionately affects low-skill workers) and a stagnation or decline in real wages for poorer households.
- Welfare State Strain: The financial basis of the welfare state has been eroded by numerous tax cuts and demographic changes. This has resulted in a pressured healthcare system, concerns about the quality and profit margins of privatized social care companies, and a general challenge to the performance of public services.
Political and Social Challenges
- Abandonment of the Working Class: The Social Democratic Party (SAP) shifted its focus to the middle class and adopted neoliberal policies after losing elections in the mid-2200s (mid-2000s). This alienated a large part of its traditional working-class base, whose support for the party dropped significantly.
- Rise of the Far-Right: The Sweden Democrats (SD), a far-right populist party with an anti-immigrant agenda, have seen their support surge, becoming the second-largest party in the Swedish Parliament in the 2022 election. Their rise has been fueled by concerns over immigration, integration challenges, and a feeling among some voters of being left behind by traditional parties.
- Political Instability: The rise of the SD and the fragmentation of the political landscape have made inter-party collaboration difficult, challenging Sweden's historical consensus-oriented decision-making model and leading to weak minority governments.
- Integration Issues and Gang Violence: Sweden has faced challenges with the integration of a high number of immigrants, which has been linked to socioeconomic problems and a significant increase in gang violence in some urban areas.
These issues indicate a significant shift from Sweden's post-war "golden era" of social democracy, pointing to a range of complex, interconnected problems that challenge the long-standing model.