The relationship between the Ten Commandments, the Sabbath, and the New Covenant

[JesusFollowerForever]

Christ shows there is more to the 4th than simply ritual rest as there is more to 6th than resisting murder and Christ favours the goodness over the ritual. Should we then be looking for goodness to do on the Sabbath? I don't see a conflict with this and broadly we should always be looking for goodness. My question would be if we are not then we should be asking ourselves why aren't we? it really is about addressing embodied goodness/love as a perpetual outflow of our hearts through the Spirit that is our goal over keeping limited propositional statements if we take in the the rest of the NT teaching to inform us what this goodness should look like. I don't see how in this space, our actions can ever be unlawful.

You are getting very close almost burning. but something is missing...

 

[Studyman]

The flippant remarks aside, Christ says doing good is lawful, and I believe him.

The very core of God's Salvation is centered on "Belief". Not just belief in a Word of the Christ here or a Word there, but belief in all of the Words the Christ Spoke as recorded in the Moses and the Prophets, and the New Testament where the Word of God who spoke to Moses, "Became flesh". I wasn't being "flippant" at all in my reference to believing God.

Christ's example in Mat 12 is regarding sheep trapped in pits (not actually oxen).

Let's look at what is actually written in this Story you are using to justify working for others on God's Holy Sabbath.

Matt. 12: 1 At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat. 2 But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.

It was not against the Sabbath of the Christ, the Holy One of Israel, as defined in the Law and Prophets, to take a walk in fellowship with HIM, and pick a blackberry or ear of corn along the way to munch on. A Core, and undeniable Truth of the Holy Scriptures was that the Pharisees didn't believe Moses, nor did they believe in the Laws, Statutes or Judgments that the Spirit of Christ gave to Moses. They had created their own religion, with their own sabbaths, their own judgments and their own righteousness. This undeniable truth is not taught by this world's religious system. Nevertheless, according to Scriptures it is true just the same.

The reference of the sheep in a pit, was used to expose their hypocrisy, expose their teaching. What the Disciples did was not against the "Law of Moses" or as it is said "Unlawful". It is good to walk in fellowship with Christ on the Sabbath, and there isn't any law against eating a raspberry along the way. Just as there isn't any Law against pulling a sheep out of a Pit is has fallen in, or sharing the Word of God with a neighbor on the Sabbath days..

But Jesus didn't clean Peters boat, or take the Apostles fishing, all of which you might judge as "Good", and therefore Lawful.

We look at this story in a different Light. You want to work on God's Sabbath, and exact your pleasure as well, no doubt. It's a perfectly acceptable tradition of this worlds religious system, to treat God's Sabbath Day no different that any other day.

So you look for Scriptures that you can use to Justify this popular tradition. I don't, because I believe in the Christ when HE says, "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath "of the LORD thy God": (This is the Jesus "of the Bible", Yes?) in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

It's simple, you don't believe the 7th Day is Holy. If you did, you would mow your neighbors Lawn on Thursday. And invite him over to your house on the Christ's Sabbath to fellowship with the Christ, and feed him cake you cooked on Friday.

There is no reason to address any more of your post. It's all for the purpose of justifying popular traditions. I know because I lived by the same traditions "Wherein in time past I walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience".

Perhaps the Sabbath doesn't matter, but the reason for my post is to show that in Matt. 12, Jesus wasn't promoting the creation of a 501c3 that mows the yards of random people, only on Saturdays.

 

[KevinT]

Let's take for example I might mow my neighbours lawn on Monday. My motivation to mow their grass is to be helpful and to serve my neighbour. Is this then a good act? If it can be deemed good on a Monday is it also good and therefore lawful on the Sabbath?

Jesus also taught that the Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. The commandment about Sabbath starts with "Remember", and the reason for the commandment is because the Lord made the Earth in 6 days, and rested on the Sabbath. I believe God knows that in our human life we get all wound up in the duties of our jobs and lives. And if there is not a built-in time to stop and remember our Maker, we will loose sight of our Savior. Thus the Sabbath has a built-in effect. Just like when in school, if I didn't take time to study, then I wouldn't learn the material. And likewise, if I don't take time to remember my God, I will drift away.

So the questions I would ask myself about what I do on Sabbath is somewhat similar to what I might ask myself about when I am on vacation. I could log into my work computer and keep on working when I'm at the beach -- but do I really want to do that? And if it came to the issue of mowing my neighbor's lawn, I would ask myself, do I really want to do this on my rest-day? My special God day? If the lawn needs to be mowed, and another day is not available, then I think it would be OK. But I personally would prefer to do it on another day. But just like what you do on your vacation might be completely different from what I do, so the way you remember your Maker and rest is very likely to be different from how I do the same.

To me the real elephant in the ditch is why just the sabbath? Should we not always be motivated with doing good and if our motivations are always aligned with goodness then are they not always lawful?

Yes, it is good to always be motivated to do good. And many argue that picking one particular day (e.g. Saturday as the 7th-day Sabbath) is unnecessary, and that any day could be picked and achieve the same. I think of this like a Birthday. Imagine I was born on July 7. My friends could throw a birthday party for me on the 8th, and that would probably be OK. Then if they do it again the following year, I would start to wonder what the deal was. By the 3rd year I might start getting a bit annoyed that they seemed to be purposefully doing it NOT on my actual birthday. I would say, if any day COULD be picked, why do you always pick the 8th? Why not the 7th that is my actual birthday!

Best wishes,

Kevin

 

[Leaf473]

The flippant remarks aside, Christ says doing good is lawful, and I believe him.

Christ's example in Mat 12 is regarding sheep trapped in pits (not actually oxen). He then summarizes the value, saying, "How much more valuable is a person than a sheep! Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath" (Mat 12:12). You might read this and think of a physical state like falling and breaking a leg or maybe a car accident. Certainly, help those people no matter what day of the week it is, but what about how the biblical concept of 'lost sheep' is used not to represent a physical state, but a spiritual one? We must critically ask the question if Christ is using sheep trapped in pits as a metaphor for the lost on top of the surface literal details, and if he is what should our action be?

Helping someone in a physical emergency is generally considered uncontroversially good and lawful on the Sabbath. But what about helping someone in spiritual darkness that may or may not involve work? Is this "good" too? If we can define something as "good" without compromise on the other 6 days under the motivation of spiritual rescue then how could that also not be good on the 7th day? Goodness should not be seen as conditional, if it is good, it is always good.

This forces the question, what is good? Cutting someone's grass may appear like an act of goodness, but if our motivation is corrupted, although the recipient gets the benefit, our hearts do not engage in "goodness"; we instead engage in whatever corruption that motivated us. There is propositional goodness or things we say are good and it may even carry into acts of goodness (propositionally) but propositional goodness doesn't necessarily engage the heart, and if our hearts are corrupted then the act inherits the same.

Then there is embodied goodness, which is a goodness that would be an outflow from our heart (in the context of a heart transformed by Christ). It's the latter that Christ is addressing; embodied truths are far more consistent with Christ's teaching than isolated propositional truths. Ideally, they look the same but when a propositional truth is limiting, embodied truth will always be a better focus. to be clear there is only 1 truth, but the 10's propositional statements are too indescriptive to be exhaustively applied.

for example, the sixth commandment is "You shall not murder" (Ex 20:13) this is a very short statement; there may be an argument in terms of what murder means or should the word be kill, but otherwise, this is easily understood. Christ however expands upon its requirements and says "But I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, ‘Raca,’ is answerable to the court.

And anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell." (Mat 5:22).

It struck me reading it this time that Jesus' instructions apply very much to the forum we are in

If we imply that a Christian brother or sister is looking for a way to disobey God's instructions

or if we imply that they are stupid or foolish in their approach to the scriptures

we are breaking the 6th commandment

Lord, who shall dwell in your sanctuary?
Who shall live on your holy hill?
The one who walks blamelessly and does what is right,
and speaks truth in their heart
who doesn’t slander with their tongue
nor does evil to their friend,
nor casts slurs against other people

Both are addressing the same truth, but I'm sure we can all agree Christ's revelation of it is a better way. The truth however, did not start at the 10, the 6th commandment a contextual example in place and time and it's motivations may be different. Christ howeer is approaching more of an embodied core that requires our participation, then merely a black or white statement and his motivation is address the heart over merely statements.

I would suggest the 10 are more polemically motivated to contrast surrounding nations' values of the time than they are about touching on core embodied truth, which is the goal seen with laws written upon our hearts/of the Spirit. Christ shows us a heuristic approach to law by the 2 greatest commandments regarding our love to God first, then love for each other. This forces us to critically engage issues over simply approaching them like a checkbox and is a direction closer to embodied truth then the 10 could ever be. The embodied truth is complete through the spirit, where law is written upon our heart and our charge is to walk in the Spirit to guide us through these embodied truths.

Ex 20:13 and Mat 5:22 will both have a result where no murder is happening. But because sabbath law involves ritual practice (the only 1 of the 10) then it may conflict with a charge of doing good. Christ shows this tension between these truths, a propositional truth to keep the Sabbath holy and an embodied truth where goodness transcends it. This shows us that the act of ritual rest on the Sabbath in itself does not address morality, as a moral act of goodness may override it.

Christ shows there is more to the 4th than simply ritual rest as there is more to 6th than resisting murder and Christ favours the goodness over the ritual. Should we then be looking for goodness to do on the Sabbath? I don't see a conflict with this and broadly we should always be looking for goodness. My question would be if we are not then we should be asking ourselves why aren't we? it really is about addressing embodied goodness/love as a perpetual outflow of our hearts through the Spirit that is our goal over keeping limited propositional statements if we take in the the rest of the NT teaching to inform us what this goodness should look like. I don't see how in this space, our actions can ever be unlawful.

 

[Bob S]

The Sabbath was made a special day by God for Israel as a day to commemorate His leading them out of bondage in Egypt. No wonder God has never asked any other nation to observe it. He made it exclusively for them.

 

[Leaf473]

The Sabbath was made a special day by God for Israel as a day to commemorate His leading them out of bondage in Egypt. No wonder God has never asked any other nation to observe it. He made it exclusively for them.

It's true that the two ways that the Sabbath commandment is given refer to light out of darkness and slaves out of bondage

Redeemed, how I love to proclaim it!
Redeemed by the blood of the Lamb;
Redeemed through His infinite mercy,
His child and forever I am - Frances J. Crosby

 

[Bob S]

Ex 20:11 is a statement and not the reason God made the Israelites observe a special day. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

Moses was interweaving the day after creation with God's command for Israel to also take time to rest and reflect.

I love the wonderful words to the hymns you are pasting. I sing them over and over in my mind. Thank you, Leaf. Bob

 

[Leaf473]

Ex 20:11 is a statement and not the reason God made the Israelites observe a special day.

11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.

Moses was interweaving the day after creation with God's command for Israel to also take time to rest and reflect.

I love the wonderful words to the hymns you are pasting. I sing them over and over in my mind. Thank you, Leaf. Bob

 

[KevinT]

You are getting very close almost burning. but something is missing...

I had to read this a few times. At first I thought you were saying, "You are very close to burning", i.e. going to hell. I don't think that is what you really meant though. LOL!

KT

 

[timothyu]

From beginning to end it is all, including commandments, sabbaths, covenants, etc., based on one simple thing... putting God’s will first over ours. His will be done, not ours or elohim. It is shown from beginning to end but no one listens

 

[Bob S]

From beginning to end it is all, including commandments, sabbaths, covenants, etc., based on one simple thing... putting God’s will first over ours. His will be done, not ours or elohim. It is shown from beginning to end but no one listens

God's will; believe in Jesus as our Savior and keep His command to love others as He loves us. Do these things and we belong to the truth, 1JN3:19-24

.24 To him who is able to keep you (and me) from stumbling and to present you before his glorious presence without fault and with great joy— 25 to the only God our Savior be glory, majesty, power and authority, through Jesus Christ our Lord, before all ages, now and forevermore! Amen. Jude1

 

[timothyu]

God's will; believe in Jesus as our Savior and keep His command to love others as He loves us. Do these things and we belong to the truth, 1JN3:19-24

Sure, but the Father has commanded this from the beginning

 

[JesusFollowerForever]

I had to read this a few times. At first I thought you were saying, "You are very close to burning", i.e. going to hell. I don't think that is what you really meant though. LOL!

KT

LOL, No on the contrary he is getting closer to the truth as the bible describes it. As a francophone sometimes what I write can be a bit confusing, sorry about that.

 

[Studyman]

Sure, but the Father has commanded this from the beginning

Very true, and a wise observation. And look also at the existence of "another voice" in the garden God placed her in, that was also shown in the beginning. Notice the "voice" and its message. Basically "Gods Word cannot be trusted". And notice the tactic it uses. It professes to Know God, and it quotes "Some" of Gods Words.

Isn't it absolutely amazing that you and I are living in a garden God placed us in, with the exact same voice, promoting the exact same message, using the exact same tactics.

Truly there is nothing new under the sun.

 

[timothyu]

Truly there is nothing new under the sun.

And every generation tells the next they are naked

 

[DamianWarS]

Jesus also taught that the Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. The commandment about Sabbath starts with "Remember", and the reason for the commandment is because the Lord made the Earth in 6 days, and rested on the Sabbath. I believe God knows that in our human life we get all wound up in the duties of our jobs and lives. And if there is not a built-in time to stop and remember our Maker, we will loose sight of our Savior. Thus the Sabbath has a built-in effect. Just like when in school, if I didn't take time to study, then I wouldn't learn the material. And likewise, if I don't take time to remember my God, I will drift away.

So the questions I would ask myself about what I do on Sabbath is somewhat similar to what I might ask myself about when I am on vacation. I could log into my work computer and keep on working when I'm at the beach -- but do I really want to do that? And if it came to the issue of mowing my neighbor's lawn, I would ask myself, do I really want to do this on my rest-day? My special God day? If the lawn needs to be mowed, and another day is not available, then I think it would be OK. But I personally would prefer to do it on another day. But just like what you do on your vacation might be completely different from what I do, so the way you remember your Maker and rest is very likely to be different from how I do the same.


Yes, it is good to always be motivated to do good. And many argue that picking one particular day (e.g. Saturday as the 7th-day Sabbath) is unnecessary, and that any day could be picked and achieve the same. I think of this like a Birthday. Imagine I was born on July 7. My friends could throw a birthday party for me on the 8th, and that would probably be OK. Then if they do it again the following year, I would start to wonder what the deal was. By the 3rd year I might start getting a bit annoyed that they seemed to be purposefully doing it NOT on my actual birthday. I would say, if any day COULD be picked, why do you always pick the 8th? Why not the 7th that is my actual birthday!

Best wishes,

Kevin

Doing good needs to be intentional and it does not discriminate against place, time or what you happen to be doing. When Christ says it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath (Mat 12:12) his immediate example was pulling sheep out of a pits. Even a 5yr old can tell you lost/fallen sheep are used as a metaphor for the spiritual lost (not actually sheep). Although the superficial may still apply (if you see a trapped sheep go ahead and pull it out) we shouldn't be afriad to approach its spiritual implications. applied to our sabbath practice then we are not merely goodness driven but instead missionally driven. So, if by doing x action reveals to another the character and love of Christ then are we not engaging in the act of pulling sheep out of pits? Is this not good? Is this not lawful?

Broadly it seems those who oppose this don't want to comment further then life saving acts and claim this approach more akin to lawlessness, like I treat the sabbath as if it is abondoned so we can do whatever we want. I am not promoting lawlessness, on the contrary, I'm raising the standard. Instead of ritual physical rest on the Sabbath why not show someone God's spiritual rest? is this not what the Sabbath proclaims? Is not spiritual life more valuable to physical life? And why restrict this to one day? Why not release it for all days?

In the creation account God only rest when the work is complete. It is the reason why God rests/ceases his work, because he is finished. Are we able to partake of the same rest through a completed work? By the grace of Christ, who finished the work, we may. But only through Christ and not through ritual rest is this accomplished.

The ritual rest points to Christ and it is he who gives us the rest. Think of the Sabbath commandment, it was even given to the animals. Yet animals have no authority to rest, they must be given rest by one with authority to give it. This is a powerful salvation metaphor. Should we not be motivated to show others this rest too? Yet once a week we shut out doors, close our blinds so we may hoard our rest, all the while the sound of bleating sheep trapped in pits surrounds us.

 

[DamianWarS]

It struck me reading it this time that Jesus' instructions apply very much to the forum we are in

If we imply that a Christian brother or sister is looking for a way to disobey God's instructions

or if we imply that they are stupid or foolish in their approach to the scriptures

we are breaking the 6th commandment

Lord, who shall dwell in your sanctuary?
Who shall live on your holy hill?
The one who walks blamelessly and does what is right,
and speaks truth in their heart
who doesn’t slander with their tongue
nor does evil to their friend,
nor casts slurs against other people

In Mat 5 Christ contrasts the law "you have heard it said of long ago..." with a new revelation "but I say..." I really don't see this as Christ expanding upon the original, (nor do I see the 6th as the original).

There is a common thread between the two, that flows through all the covenants, and all the laws, commandments and prophecies, etc... and even predates it all. This thread is the will and purpose of God and it reflects his immutable character and shows us his desire. It is the common source that binds all covenants together and gives them grounding.

The words of Christ are not interpreted through the 10 commandments. Both are of the same source. So if we call our brother or sister a fool, I don't think we are violating the 6th commandment per se but we do violate God's character which the 6th is based on. Christ shows us law in a heuristic approach of loving God first then loving neighbour and tells us all the law and prophets hang upon these commandments.

His comments on hate or lust in Mat 5 align perfectly with these 2 greatest commandments and I take them as more foundational then the 10. Sin itself is an archery term of missing the mark. If, like Paul said, "I would not have known what sin was had it not been for the law" (Rom 7:7) then law shows us when we have missed the mark. with new revelation we have more clarity as to what that mark is and when we follow Christ's law, we may hit that mark closer more aligned with His revealed purpose.

 

[Studyman]

In Mat 5 Christ contrasts the law "you have heard it said of long ago..." with a new revelation "but I say..." I really don't see this as Christ expanding upon the original, (nor do I see the 6th as the original).

There is a common thread between the two, that flows through all the covenants, and all the laws, commandments and prophecies, etc... and even predates it all. This thread is the will and purpose of God and it reflects his immutable character and shows us his desire. It is the common source that binds all covenants together and gives them grounding.

Actually, the context can be seen in the verses prior to this.

Matt. 5: 17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

Clearly the Christ has not yet returned, and if HE doesn't return, the Faith of Abraham to my Faith will have been in vain. Therefore, "ALL" has definitely not yet been fulfilled. Jesus expounds on this.

19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

20 For I say unto you, That except "your righteousness" shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven. Remember, the Pharisees had the Moses and the Prophets, but didn't believe them.

Then Jesus continues on in this Theme.

21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

There are "many" who come in Christ's Name, that preach or imply that Jesus is speaking about His Father, and Moses as being the "Them of Old Time". But that would directly contradict His Own Words that HE just spoke, and would also promote the false teaching that the Pharisees didn't know not to be angry with their brother without a cause, or not to hold a grudge against their brother, Because God and Moses or Prophets didn't teach them not to hate their brother in their hearts.

But this is a false teaching. The Christ was the ONE who gave Moses "HIS" Laws and Judgments in the first place. The philosophy that the Holy One of Israel didn't properly guide His Children in the Exodus, and that is why they fell, is foolishness. Had the Pharisees believed Moses, like Zacharias, Simeon and Anna, they would have known Jesus, and believed in Him even as a new born child, like they did.

When a man reads Moses and the Prophets themselves, with a Seeking heart, they will find, that the "Them of old time" were preachers that had become "Partial in the Law". They "omitted" the weightier matters of the Law. They promoted a vision, not from the Word of God who became Flesh, rather, a vision of their own heart. A man seeking God's Truth will find that it wasn't God and Moses who led people astray, as "many" who call Jesus Lord, Lord's teaching of Matt. 5 implies, because they didn't define properly what it means to Love God and Love others. They will find that men were led astray by the shepherds who God didn't send, who "Professed to know God" but were disobedient. Jesus exposed this in Matt. 5.

22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. (Like calling Paul "Crazy" for believing "ALL" that was written.

Here are the parts of the Christ's Teaching that the "Them of Old Time" omitted from their philosophy.

Lev. 19: 15 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

16 Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour: I am the LORD. 17 Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. 18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

David understood this perfectly as shown in his behavior with Shimey and King Saul.

 

[timothyu]

The Christ was the ONE who gave Moses "HIS" Laws and Judgments in the first place.

Even then only the will of the Father was followed.

 

[DamianWarS]

Actually, the context can be seen in the verses prior to this.

Matt. 5: 17 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.

Clearly the Christ has not yet returned, and if HE doesn't return, the Faith of Abraham to my Faith will have been in vain. Therefore, "ALL" has definitely not yet been fulfilled. Jesus expounds on this.

19 Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

20 For I say unto you, That except "your righteousness" shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven. Remember, the Pharisees had the Moses and the Prophets, but didn't believe them.

Then Jesus continues on in this Theme.

21 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

There are "many" who come in Christ's Name, that preach or imply that Jesus is speaking about His Father, and Moses as being the "Them of Old Time". But that would directly contradict His Own Words that HE just spoke, and would also promote the false teaching that the Pharisees didn't know not to be angry with their brother without a cause, or not to hold a grudge against their brother, Because God and Moses or Prophets didn't teach them not to hate their brother in their hearts.

But this is a false teaching. The Christ was the ONE who gave Moses "HIS" Laws and Judgments in the first place. The philosophy that the Holy One of Israel didn't properly guide His Children in the Exodus, and that is why they fell, is foolishness. Had the Pharisees believed Moses, like Zacharias, Simeon and Anna, they would have known Jesus, and believed in Him even as a new born child, like they did.

When a man reads Moses and the Prophets themselves, with a Seeking heart, they will find, that the "Them of old time" were preachers that had become "Partial in the Law". They "omitted" the weightier matters of the Law. They promoted a vision, not from the Word of God who became Flesh, rather, a vision of their own heart. A man seeking God's Truth will find that it wasn't God and Moses who led people astray, as "many" who call Jesus Lord, Lord's teaching of Matt. 5 implies, because they didn't define properly what it means to Love God and Love others. They will find that men were led astray by the shepherds who God didn't send, who "Professed to know God" but were disobedient. Jesus exposed this in Matt. 5.

22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. (Like calling Paul "Crazy" for believing "ALL" that was written.

Here are the parts of the Christ's Teaching that the "Them of Old Time" omitted from their philosophy.

Lev. 19: 15 Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour.

16 Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbour: I am the LORD. 17 Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. 18 Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.

David understood this perfectly as shown in his behavior with Shimey and King Saul.

My point is that Christ's words regarding hate are not contained in the 6th commandment. We may infer it through the law complete but regarding the 6th or the 10 as a whole does not take it to that level.

Christ tells us he came to fulfill law not to destroy. Clearly there are aspects of the law that are no longer in operation, that we may call fulfilled (and we do not call destroyed) these aspects are not erased but their reliance has been revealed through Christ. For example, we still need sanctifying blood, but the sacrafical system is shown as incomplete to accomplish this, and Christ is shown as complete.

Universal morals don't need to be written down, they are universal for that reason. They are always good, not just good in season or once a week. Commandments like not to worship other gods or not to sleep with your neighbour's wife are self-evident. Sure surrounding cultures had different values which is why the 10 can be seen as a polemic to these cultures. Commitment to monotheism means one God and any hint of another god is in violation of monotheism, this is self-evident in a commitment to monothesim. Do doubt some had difficulty in monotheistic beliefs as polytheism/paganism was the norm (hence the defaulting to things like a golden calf when in trouble) so the law reinforces monotheistic practices but laws like having no other gods before God are implicit in the call to monothesim. For laws about moral behaviour to each other are also self-evident. I don't need to be told that my neighbour doesn't like it when I sleep with his wife, lie to him, or plot his death. We already know these are not things we desire for ourselves, and it should be clear neither would our neighbour like them. Surrounding cultures had different values, which again is why the 10 can be seen as a polemic to these cultures.

But commandments that follow ritual or ceremony are not self-evident. Sacrificial laws are such laws, but let's called a spade a spade here, Sabbath is of ritual substance, not of moral substance, nor is the letter self-evident. We cannot innately know the sabbath law requirement unless it is told to us, sure we can land upon natural rhythms of rest, but they will not align with the 4th day requirement, for that to happen, we need specific instruction to follow and failing the instruction, we would always violate the 4th commandment and it would never come through natural means. Love to God is a love to an authority over you, and it's innate values are universal for any system of mono-authoritarian power. by nature of one authority we cannot look for competing authorities, through other gods, through idols, or through disrespect of the authority (commandments 1-3). But Sabbath practice does not fit this and cannot be naturally inferred from simply saying "there is one God therefore I must keep Sabbath". But we can say "... therefore there is no other god" or "...therefore I will keep no graven image", or "...therefore I will respect his name" because these are natural products of "one-God" and show our committed values to a single source. But sorry, "...therefore I must keep the Sabbath" is not a natural product because we need to be told that instruction first to understand it.

Sabbath is about spiritual rest brought about by a completed work (not actually about physical rest) since the needs for spiritual rest can be self-evident by our nature innate through the image of God and are not time or day-of-the-week bound, then these values may be the universal aspect of sabbath. The letter, however, only touches on the temporal and time-bound aspects, alone they are incomplete and need someone to come and complete them, just as the sacrificial system does.

Jesus is the bridge that makes the sabbath complete, as he is the same for the sacrifice. Rest can only be acquired through completed work and we cannot complete it. But Christ did (he said "it is finished" [Jn 19:30]), and through him we may enter into that state of completion and experience his rest. So did Christ fulfill the Sabbath? He does not erase our need for spiritual rest, but he does fulfill it in a way we can never in our repeated attempts of ritual rest, and we must go through him to accomplish this goal of spiritual rest, only he can give, despite our adherence to the ritual. This shows the fulfilled aspects of the Sabbath; it is not erased, but revealed as complete/fulfilled through Christ and our goal should not be to seek it through ritual, but to seek it through Christ.