Israel was imposing blockades that restricted imports and exports in and out of Gaza going back to the 1990s, long before Hamas took control.
Palestinians’ rights to livelihood, healthcare and education under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, ratified by Israel in 1991, are infringed. This has been particularly acute since the early 1990s, when restrictions on movement were tightened, and as the accessibility of places of work or study became increasingly uncertain and unpredictable. Further restrictions on the provision of healthcare have been imposed with the erection of the barrier and broader movement controls.
Movement controls, and now the barrier, cause widespread difficulties for health services in the West Bank and Gaza.
Continued restrictions on movement inside the Occupied Palestinian Territories and on external borders would affect people’s ability to develop trade relations with the rest of the region, for example, with Egypt and Jordan. It is also unlikely that the previous level of demand for Palestinian migrant labour in Israel will be restored.
Given the increased poverty throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the disruption of movement of both humanitarian staff and consignments of goods for humanitarian needs is alarming. But few governments, including the UK government, have intervened successfully with the Israeli authorities to ensure that humanitarian access is consistently possible.
The August 2002 mission report by the UN Secretary General’s special envoy Catherine Bertini identified closures and lack of freedom of movement as having a critical impact on Palestinian life. But in practice little has changed since then, thus throwing doubt on Israel’s suggested concern.
Failure to allow Palestinians their full democratic rights will damage any prospect for a peaceful solution and give a platform to extremists.
From "The end of the two-state solution?"
Published October 2004
"If they want to help Israel, they should transform Palestinian hostility into friendship, which is possible if the Palestinians are given their dignity, freedom and rights."