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On paper, Greenland has many of the powers of an independent nation already. It is a self-governing region of Denmark, giving the island widespread autonomy. This means it can elect its own leaders while Copenhagen handles its foreign policy and national defense.
“Denmark doesn’t claim to own it,” said Scott Anderson, a former State Department lawyer and national security expert. “I am quite confident that the government of Denmark, as we’ve seen them say things, doesn’t think it has the legal authority to sell Greenland to anyone....”
... Even if Greenland decides to become independent, the U.S. could still find a way to exercise more control over the island.
The U.S. has deals like that, called Compacts of Free Association, with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau in the western Pacific island
Such a deal would give the U.S. exclusive military access and the right to determine which other nations can base their troops to Greenland. It could give the Pentagon a larger foothold in the region while pushing back on Chinese access to Arctic shipping routes as the Polar ice caps melt and Russia’s air and naval bases in Murmansk, on the nearby Kola Peninsula.
It’s similar to the relationship that Greenland has with Denmark, except that all three Pacific countries are independent nations. The Trump administration previously considered the idea of signing a COFA with Greenland during his first term.
Some former U.S. officials argue that the model could ease pressure on Copenhagen, since the island is about 50 times the size of Denmark. The country’s active-duty military is smaller than New York City’s police force.
“Denmark understands that Greenland is going to get independence,” said Gray. “They understand they don’t have the ability to defend Greenland post independence.”
But after Trump’s tacit threat of military action to take Greenland
triggered warnings from both Germany and France, the U.S. even helping the island distance itself from Denmark could have diplomatic ramifications...