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After Cain killed his brother Abel, Genesis 4:
This was not literal. Seven was the number for completeness. Whoever kills Cain would be punished completely.
Lamech says 9 verses later:
Elsewhere, Psalms 79:
Cain was a murderer. Why did the punishment of him who would kill Cain seem so severe?
God had already punished Cain by cursing him from the ground and making him a fugitive and wanderer (Ge 4:11-12). God had a special purpose for Cain despite his sin. It was a mark of grace. God's desire to prevent further violence. Vengeance belonged to God (De 32:35).
Why would killing Cain be a bad thing?
Because God had already pronounced sufficient punishment on Cain justly, he did not want others to add to it.
Why 7 times over?15 the Lord said to him, “Not so; anyone who kills Cain will suffer vengeance seven times over.” Then the Lord put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him.
This was not literal. Seven was the number for completeness. Whoever kills Cain would be punished completely.
Lamech says 9 verses later:
Again, it is not literal. Lamech exaggerates the completeness.24 If Cain is avenged seven times, then Lamech seventy-seven times.
Elsewhere, Psalms 79:
Leviticus 26:12 O Lord, pay back our neighbors seven times for the scorn they have hurled at you.
Seven symbolizes thoroughness and completeness.28 then in my anger I will be hostile toward you, and I myself will punish you for your sins seven times over.
Cain was a murderer. Why did the punishment of him who would kill Cain seem so severe?
God had already punished Cain by cursing him from the ground and making him a fugitive and wanderer (Ge 4:11-12). God had a special purpose for Cain despite his sin. It was a mark of grace. God's desire to prevent further violence. Vengeance belonged to God (De 32:35).
Why would killing Cain be a bad thing?
Because God had already pronounced sufficient punishment on Cain justly, he did not want others to add to it.
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