I am curious of your position. Many Christians would argue that God gives us free will, and that without free will, we would be mindless robots, and that is not a true expression of love.
So when we go to eternal Heaven, here on the new Earth, after the battle of Armageddon and after the great throne judgement, will we have the free will to sin or do evil?
This question seems absurd, but I have heard only two answers.
1) We will not want to sin, because we will have renewed bodies free of our fleshly desires.
Not wanting to sin, doesn't mean we won't be able to sin.... does it?
2) There will be no choice to sin, like a buffet of good things to eat, but no bad things.
This seems odd, as we know that before Adam sinned in the Garden, Lucifer had already sinned against God in Heaven.
What are your thoughts?
The question of "free will" is complicated and messy. People tend to mean different things, and disagree what exactly "free" in "free will" even means.
Here's an absurd example: Do I have the free will to spontaneously sprout wings from my back and fly like a bird? The answer, of course, is no--I can't do that, and it doesn't matter how "free" or how much I might will that to happen, it can't happen. So we could, perhaps, agree that we aren't free to do anything, we are limited in some way, by nature.
So that is where I'd start: There are limits, there are things we cannot do.
So, then, how about this: Can human beings be righteous before God? Can we, by our own power, or freedom of our will, be righteous before God?
The answer which the Bible gives us to that question is
no. For "all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23)
This question is also one which the ancient Church had to contend with in the Pelagian Controversy. Pelagius was a devout Christian monk from what was, at the time, Roman occupied Britain. Pelagius believed very strongly in being moral, in devoting oneself to living righteously as a Christian. At the time St. Augustine of Hippo was a fairly prolific writer, he also had his own story of his conversion. Augustine grew up in North Africa, the son of a devout Christian mother named Monica, and a Pagan father named Patricius. Augustine's story is the story of a mother's love, a rebellious son, and a gracious Savior. For centuries Christians around the world fondly remember Augustine by the affectionate title "Doctor of Grace" where "doctor" means "teacher" here--so potent, so deep, and so profound was his emphasis on God's grace in saving us, in the love of God in Christ who suffered and died for us, that Augustine became the theologian against whom every other theologian in the Christian West was measured against. Only St. Paul the Apostle himself could stand over Augustine. But it is here, where Pelagius and Augustine had their confrontation: Pelagius on the one side, a devout man who believed in Christian committment to good works; and Augustine, a redeemed sinner and devout preacher of God's mercy. Pelagius would argue that, because God gave human beings free will, they could freely do good works and be righteous--that being righteous and unrighteous was purely an act of free will, given by God to everyone. Augustine, on the other hand, argued that because we are Adam's children, we--like Adam--are fallen, sinful, we have been made captive to our own sinful passions. We can't stand on our own two feet, we need profound intervention of God's grace--we can't do it, but God can. We can't be righteous, but God can give us righteousness.
This controversy, thankfully, has a good ending: Pelagius' teachings were condemned. Because, ultimately, though Pelagius himself would never have said it, what Pelagius was saying amounted to saying that
Jesus was unnecessary. If we can, purely as an act of free will, be righteous before God, then we don't need a Savior to save us from our sin. Augustine recognized that, which is why he was so emphatic in his condemnation of Pelagius, and other bishops and church leaders at the time, agreed:
We must preach the Gospel.
In this, then, we must confess that the will of fallen human beings--without regeneration, without grace, without the Holy Spirit--is incapable (is not free) to be righteous. The will is, in that sense, un-free; the will is in some way held captive to sin.
This is important because talk about "free will" in a theological sense, in the sense of the will being free (by its own power) to be righteous before God is something entirely different than a more casual use of "free will". I am, of course, free to do X or do Y, I can choose what I eat for breakfast, what I wear. When I go out of my house and engage other human beings, I can choose to be nice, be mean, I can be polite, I can go out of my way to do a good deed, or I can be an evil menace. So there is a freedom to act; but as it pertains to being righteous before God, the will simply isn't free. The will is held in bondage. Even when I choose to do good, sin is still there in the mix. Think about what the Lord says, "Don't let your one hand know what the other hand is doing", He doesn't condemn the Pharisees for doing good deeds, but He condemns them for doing it for show. That's sin, and it's right there when you give a hungry person food and then think "I've done a really good deed, and people should praise me for it"--
even in the good that we do there is evil in our hearts. The disciples said to Jesus, "How then can a man be saved?" and Jesus answered them, "With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible". We can't do it, we can't save ourselves, we can't be righteous.
When we stand and look at the Law of God it condemns us, it shows us just how much we have fallen, just how much we come up short. The Law demands gold and silver and we come with dirt and straw. The Law cannot make us righteous. No amount of trying, no amount of works will ever make us righteous before God--we are condemned sinners. Evil.
So I mention all this for a reason: The will that we have in the Age to Come, is it free? Indeed,
it will be the most free it ever has been. So no, we cannot sin in heaven. Not because we are deprived of freedom, but because we will be entirely free.
A person that is free does not wear chains.
-CryptoLutheran