Actually, the Protestant argument most assuredly excepts Jesus Christ and sees "all" as all in Adam. Also, this Protestant exegete does some nice work to say that all in Romans 3:23 has to be limited to "those who believe" in 3:22, or we end up with universal sin and universal justification.
There are other places in Romans to consider "all" meaning all. And every place that it may, the Protestant position is surely that Jesus is sinless and not to be considered as being in Adam.
This how I understand it
But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction (between Jew and Greek) ; for all (Jew and Greek) have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus (in other words not by the means of keeping the Law, but as a gift... ) ; whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith (... received through faith). This was to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed; for the demonstration, I say, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith.
— Romans 3:21-27
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