No, it is not. It is from
myoglobin. See also the text previous to the linked passage for the difference to blood (hemoglobin)
OK.
You forgot the Holy Spirit (v.28).
I thought that was a given. But just as the Holy Spirit works on the first Council, He has worked infallibly through the subsequent Councils.
Well, why do you say "Catholic Church"? It is the orthodox church that maintains leadership not by one person, but by all patriarchs. The Latin patriarch (aka Pope) has left this church, founded his own church (and installed "patriarchs", which should not confused with his colleagues, the real patriarchs).
No Council is valid without the approval of successor to St. Peter. If you disagree, then you must concur that the infamous "Robber Council" was a valid Council. This council has all the bishops, and they sided with the heresy of Monophysitism. Everything was valid except it did not have the approval of the pope.
Also, it is curious that the Orthodox churches have had not one council since they split from Rome. Why is that? It seems, that the patriarchs cannot agree on anything. This is only human nature. You need one guy who can ultimately call the shots. Orthodoxy does not have that, so they never never have a Council.
Also, it is only to Peter that our Lord that he is the Rock that He will be build His Church. It is only to the Church built on Peter that He said that the gates of death and hell shall not prevail against it. It is only to Peter that Jesus gave Him the keys to the kingdom. Not to the other apostles. Also, do a search in the Bible. There is no Biblical justification at all that certain bishops, patriarchs, are higher than the other bishops.
The Coptic church (which separated out of quite different reasons) calls its patriarchs "pope", I suppose there is no difference in the Coptic language between these two terms.
Interesting, but so what? If call myself "pope" does that mean I am the head of the Church? If I call myself "President of the United States" does that mean I am the President?
If I would believe that a Church Council will be automatically led by the Holy Spirit as the assembly described in Acts 15, I would become Orthodox, not a Catholic schismatic.
Instead, you are a Protestant schismatic. Check out you own denomination. Each one split from another church. I heard that there are overs 30,000 splits in Protestantism. It it at least in the thousands. Just the Baptists alone, they have over 200 splits.
Also, the Early Church Fathers BEFORE the Orthodox split saw Peter himself as the Rock that Jesus built the Church. Some are even from the East. Here is just some of them:
Tertullian
“Was anything withheld from the knowledge of Peter, who is called ‘the rock on which the Church would be built’ [Matt. 16:18] with the power of ‘loosing and binding in heaven and on earth’ [Matt. 16:19]?” (
Demurrer Against the Heretics 22 [A.D. 200]).
Origen
“Look at [Peter], the great foundation of the Church, that most solid of rocks, upon whom Christ built the Church [Matt. 16:18]. And what does our Lord say to him? ‘Oh you of little faith,’ he says, ‘why do you doubt?’ [Matt. 14:31]” (
Homilies on Exodus 5:4 [A.D. 248]).
Ambrose of Milan
“[Christ] made answer: ‘You are Peter, and upon this rock will I build my Church. . . . ’ Could he not, then, strengthen the faith of the man to whom, acting on his own authority, he gave the kingdom, whom he called the rock, thereby declaring him to be the foundation of the Church [Matt. 16:18]?” (
The Faith 4:5 [A.D. 379]).
Jerome
“‘But,’ you [Jovinian] will say, ‘it was on Peter that the Church was founded’ [Matt. 16:18]. Well . . . one among the twelve is chosen to be their head in order to remove any occasion for division” (
Against Jovinian 1:26 [A.D. 393]).
Augustine
“If the very order of episcopal succession is to be considered, how much more surely, truly, and safely do we number them [the bishops of Rome] from Peter himself, to whom, as to one representing the whole Church, the Lord said, ‘Upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not conquer it.’ Peter was succeeded by Linus, Linus by Clement. … In this order of succession a Donatist bishop is not to be found” (
Letters 53:1:2 [A.D. 412]).
Council of Ephesus
“Philip, the presbyter and legate of the Apostolic See [Rome], said: ‘There is no doubt, and in fact it has been known in all ages, that the holy and most blessed Peter, prince and head of the apostles, pillar of the faith, and foundation of the Catholic Church, received the keys of the kingdom from our Lord Jesus Christ, the Savior and Redeemer of the human race, and that to him was given the power of loosing and binding sins: who down even to today and forever both lives and judges in his successors’” (
Acts of the Council, session 3 [A.D. 431]).