According to Eusebius, Christians "of the circumcision" led the Church of Jerusalem until the Romans ruined the city in about 135 AD. Ambrosiaster wrote that the early Roman Church (like in the first century) was Torah-observant, following the rituals of Moses' Law.
Paul emphasized the teaching that gentile Christians need not follow the Torah rituals. Based on Paul's epistle to the Galatians, it seems that there was an early controversy between Paul and the followers of James of whether Jewish Christians could eat with gentile Christians in light of Jewish ritual purity rules. But James and the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15 ultimately ruled that gentiles didn't need to follow the Torah's observances except for a few things like not eating food sacrificed to idols.
In the New Testament, Jewish Christians were sometimes called "Nazarenes", which remains the name for Christians in Arabic. In the 4th century, Jerome wrote that the "Nazarene" Christians kept the Torah rules but accepted Orthodox theology and could be found in Jewish synagogues across the East. Epiphanius listed the Torah-observant Nazarenes in his "Panarion", a book on sects, but he did not describe them as heretical.
John Chrysostom in the 5th century polemicized in his sermon "Against the Judaizers", although I don't remember if he was just directing his polemics against gentiles taking up the Torah rituals.
The Canons of the Holy Apostles, which were not actually written in the time of the Apostles, were accepted by what was perhaps an Ecumenical Council, The Quintisext Council (AKA the Council of Trullo), but not accepted ecumenically, ie. not by the Roman Church. These "Apostolic Canons" include:
The Apostolic Canons are a bit problematic though. For example:
So even through all of this it isn't clear to me at what point the Church broke with allowing or including Jewish Christians who observed the Torah rituals. Certainly until 135 AD at least they were a significant portion of the Church. It seems to me that at some point in medieval Eastern Europe there was probably a general Church ban on Torah observance, but I don't know of one. So I am looking the earliest official Church prohibition or official break, but I don't know of any at all.
Paul emphasized the teaching that gentile Christians need not follow the Torah rituals. Based on Paul's epistle to the Galatians, it seems that there was an early controversy between Paul and the followers of James of whether Jewish Christians could eat with gentile Christians in light of Jewish ritual purity rules. But James and the Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15 ultimately ruled that gentiles didn't need to follow the Torah's observances except for a few things like not eating food sacrificed to idols.
In the New Testament, Jewish Christians were sometimes called "Nazarenes", which remains the name for Christians in Arabic. In the 4th century, Jerome wrote that the "Nazarene" Christians kept the Torah rules but accepted Orthodox theology and could be found in Jewish synagogues across the East. Epiphanius listed the Torah-observant Nazarenes in his "Panarion", a book on sects, but he did not describe them as heretical.
John Chrysostom in the 5th century polemicized in his sermon "Against the Judaizers", although I don't remember if he was just directing his polemics against gentiles taking up the Torah rituals.
The Canons of the Holy Apostles, which were not actually written in the time of the Apostles, were accepted by what was perhaps an Ecumenical Council, The Quintisext Council (AKA the Council of Trullo), but not accepted ecumenically, ie. not by the Roman Church. These "Apostolic Canons" include:
Maybe this is only banning Christians from keeping Jewish holidays together with non-Christian Jews, as opposed to keeping the same holidays separately.Canon LXX.
If any bishop, presbyter, or deacon, or any one of the list of clergy, keeps fast or festival with the Jews, or receives from them any of the gifts of their feasts, as unleavened bread, any such things, let him be deposed. If he be a layman, let him be excommunicated.
Canon LXXI.
If any Christian brings oil into a temple of the heathen or into a synagogue of the Jews at their feast, or lights lamps, let him be excommunicated.
The Apostolic Canons are a bit problematic though. For example:
Canon 85
Let the following books be counted venerable and sacred by all of you, both clergy and laity. ... Our own books, that is, those of the New Testament, are: ... Two Epistles of Clemens, and the Constitutions of me Clemens, addressed to you Bishops, in eight books, which are not to be published to all on account of the mystical things in them.
So even through all of this it isn't clear to me at what point the Church broke with allowing or including Jewish Christians who observed the Torah rituals. Certainly until 135 AD at least they were a significant portion of the Church. It seems to me that at some point in medieval Eastern Europe there was probably a general Church ban on Torah observance, but I don't know of one. So I am looking the earliest official Church prohibition or official break, but I don't know of any at all.