- Oct 17, 2011
- 41,825
- 44,935
- Country
- United States
- Faith
- Atheist
- Marital Status
- Legal Union (Other)
Medicine: James Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their work on immunotherapy that has revolutionized how cancer is treated.
Physics: Half of the prize wen to Arthur Ashkin (96), who managed to live long enough to remain eligible! He was honored for his development of optical tweezers at Bell Labs in 1970.
Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou split the other half of the prize for their work in the 1980s at the University of Rochester to develop chirped pulse amplification (CPA) for lasers, which enabled lasers pulses to be amplified to higher power.
Chemistry: Half the prize went to Frances Arnold for using Darwinian mechanisms to design enzymes. The other half was split between George Smith and Gregory Winter for the 'phage display of peptides and antibodies'.
In a sad coincidence, Physics Laureate Leon Lederman passed away the same day the Chemistry Prize was announced. He led teams that made some key discoveries in particle physics (the muon neutrino and the bottom quark) that helped flesh out what is now known as the Standard Model. He's probably best known to a wider audience for coining the phrase "The God Particle" to refer to the Higgs boson, causing anger and confusion ever since.
And for completeness....
Peace: Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.
(There is no Literature Prize this year, due to an unpleasant scandal. And the Economics Prize isn't a real Prize anyway.)
Physics: Half of the prize wen to Arthur Ashkin (96), who managed to live long enough to remain eligible! He was honored for his development of optical tweezers at Bell Labs in 1970.
Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou split the other half of the prize for their work in the 1980s at the University of Rochester to develop chirped pulse amplification (CPA) for lasers, which enabled lasers pulses to be amplified to higher power.
Chemistry: Half the prize went to Frances Arnold for using Darwinian mechanisms to design enzymes. The other half was split between George Smith and Gregory Winter for the 'phage display of peptides and antibodies'.
In a sad coincidence, Physics Laureate Leon Lederman passed away the same day the Chemistry Prize was announced. He led teams that made some key discoveries in particle physics (the muon neutrino and the bottom quark) that helped flesh out what is now known as the Standard Model. He's probably best known to a wider audience for coining the phrase "The God Particle" to refer to the Higgs boson, causing anger and confusion ever since.
And for completeness....
Peace: Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.
(There is no Literature Prize this year, due to an unpleasant scandal. And the Economics Prize isn't a real Prize anyway.)