You’re right in that for the first couple of years the term Pro-Life included both abortion and capital punishment categories. But since the 70s, it has only referred to abortion.
Why do we need to change that? I don’t see what’s wrong with the term. I think it’s very useful and beneficial for discussion to have a specific category attached to the phrase so that discussions can stay centered on the topic a lot more effectively.
Here’s a good read:
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term “pro-life” was first introduced to modern language in 1960 by A. S. Neill in his book
Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Childrearing (p.138), which promoted
progressive parentingand citizen attitudes. Neill wrote, “no pro-life citizen would tolerate our penal code, our hangings, our punishments of homosexuals, our attitude towards bastardy.”
By the late 1960s, anti-abortion started to latch on to the “life” framing: the Right to Life League was founded in 1967 in California and the Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life was launched in 1968. But it didn’t quite mean what it does today; in progressive circles at the time, you could be “pro-life” by being both anti-abortion
and anti-war. “To be pro-life you have to be for all life,” said Sue Bastyr, a 21-year-old student from the University of Minnesota, to
the Chicago Tribune in 1971.
Then, in Jan. 1973, the Supreme Court wrote the landmark
Roe v. Wade decision declaring American women have the right to choose to have an abortion. In response,
anti-abortion groups began to mobilize rapidly. Part of their move towards organizing was deciding on what to call themselves; “pro-life” was chosen by movement leaders to put forth a positive image. The same month
Roe v. Wade was decided, the first iteration of the
Human Life Amendment, a proposed constitutional amendment to outlaw abortions, was introduced in congress.
It was a marketing masterstroke: the word “life” has been linked to the opposition of abortion since, and being “pro-life” has come to mean specifically opposing abortion—and not, for instance, opposing war or the death penalty. The success of the label is largely due to its ability to frame the issue not as standing
against something (a woman’s choice) but
in favor of it (life).
It has been so successful, in fact, that the opposition party was forced to adapt directly to it: the label “pro-choice” was created specifically to counter “pro-life.”