I was raised SDA and was a firm believer in the Sabbath and the Ten Commandments. I could never understand why anyone who said they believed in the Ten Commandments could not see that the 7th day was the Sabbath, not the first. All you had to do was look at a calendar on the wall! And, for me, that hasn't changed. Saturday, starting Friday evening, IS the Sabbath. It is law.
So then we have to ask, are we under law or under grace, and what does that mean? Can we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Paul said, GOD FORBID! Of course we are not under ceremonial law as any SDA will tell you. But the Ten Commandments is the moral law. Right? And if we continue reading we find we are not under the moral law either, as that is what Paul was clearly referring to in Romans 7, not ceremonial rituals.
Romans 7:
6-7
"But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter. 7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? Certainly not! On the contrary, I would not have known sin except through the law. For I would not have known covetousness unless the law had said, “You shall not covet.” (Clearly referring to the Ten Commandments)
10-11
And the commandment, which was to bring life, I found to bring death. 11 For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it killed me.
The Ten Commandments was being referred to here as having brought the law of sin and death. And Exodus 34:28 shows us that it is the Ten Commandments that God referred to as THE COVENANT. Therefore, not only are we not under the Old Covenant, but the New, we are not under the Ten Commandments, which revealed the law of sin and death. Why? Because under the New Covenant we are now dead to sin and alive in Christ. We fulfill the law by walking in the Holy Spirit with our new nature .
So what is the difference between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant if we are still not to sin, just because we are under grace? And what is grace, anyway? Let's start with grace, and the rest will be easy.
There is a problem in only seeing one side to grace, when scripture shows us more. Many have never even completed the first step, Repentance. They say, why repent if believing in Jesus washes away all our past, present and future sins? That is a false doctrine that keeps people very susceptible to temptations. They have no power to not sin.
The unmerited favor side to grace is that we did not deserve that Christ should die for our sins. We didn't deserve that the Holy Spirit should draw us to Christ or convict us of our sin that we could not overcome. All we had to do was to cry out to God to forgive us our past sins, and believe on His Son, Jesus Christ. Now comes the other side to God's grace, the supernatural part.
First we repent. Acts 2:38-39 “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins;
And now for the supernatural part:
…and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are afar off, as many as the Lord our God will call.”
In Acts 4 and 2 Peter 1, we find a couple examples of Semitic parallelisms on grace that shows the supernatural meaning it becomes after receiving the Holy Spirit. This is one of the styles of Hebrew writing. This one shows the same thing in parallel, said differently, but clarify the meaning.
Acts 4:33 And with great power the apostles gave witness to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. And great grace was upon them all.
2 Peter 1:2-4 Grace and peace be multiplied to you in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord, 3 as His divine power has given to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of Him who called us by glory and virtue, 4 by which have been given to us exceedingly great and precious promises, that through these you may be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.
In the New Covenant, it is important to emphasize that the role of the Holy Spirit has been given to us for supernatural power to not sin. (You don't need laws your new nature cannot break 1 John 3:9) Many false doctrines emphasize not being under the law but under unmerited favor as you keep sinning. They fail to see that grace has now turned into the power of God to no longer be a slave to sin as emphasized in Romans 6.
Acts 1:8 “But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you.”
Romans 15:13 “Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.”
1 Corinthians 2:4 “And my speech and my preaching were not with persuasive words of human wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power,”
1 Corinthians 5:4 “In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when you are gathered together, along with my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus Christ,”
2 Thessalonians 1:11 “Therefore we also pray always for you that our God would count you worthy of this calling, and fulfill all the good pleasure of His goodness and the work of faith with power,
John 1:12 Wycliffe Bible (WYC) 12 But how many ever received him, he gave to them power to be made the sons of God, to them that believe in his name;
The power of grace has killed sin in us. We are dead to sin, making the law unnecessary. Now we have the Spirit of Christ living in us. However, we do have free will and are capable of sinning, but we now have power to resist. Paul said, I die daily. We now are to walk in the Spirit.
James 1:12-15 12 Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord has promised to those who love Him. 13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God”; for God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He Himself tempt anyone. 14 But each one is tempted when he is drawn away by his own desires and enticed. 15 Then, when desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death.
Romans 8:1-9
There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit. 2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death. 3 For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, 4 that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. 5 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. 6 For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. 7 Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. 8 So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God. 9 But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His.
So we see that law vs. grace is being alive to sin vs. dead to sin.
New Covenant Commandments
1 John 3:23 And this is His commandment: that we should believe on the name of His Son Jesus Christ and love one another, as He gave us commandment.
Whenever you see "commandments" in a writings of John the above is what he means, not the Ten Commandments. Here is another:
John 15:10 (Jesus vs. The Ten Commandments.) If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My love, just as I have kept My Father’s commandments and abide in His love.
And another:
1 John 5:2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep His commandments. 3 For this is the love of God, that we keep His commandments. And His commandments are not burdensome. 4 For whatever is born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that has overcome the world—our faith. 5 Who is he who overcomes the world, but he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God?
And another:
Revelation 12:17 "who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
The Ten Commandments and the commandments of Jesus are both based on the eternal laws of God. To love God with all your strength, mind and body, and to love your neighbor as yourself. However the commandments of Jesus are deeper going to the core of iniquity, makes us dead to sin and makes us righteous; which supersedes the Ten Commandments as they could not make anyone righteous.
These are two covenants. The Old Covenant, the Ten Commandments which revealed in us the law of sin and death; and the New Covenant of the law of the Spirit of life in Christ, which has freed me from the law of sin and death, Romans 8:2. The letter kills, but the Spirit gives life. Being freed from the law of sin and death in our old nature, and alive to being righteous without the law, the written law is no longer necessary for we keep it naturally by loving our neighbor as ourselves.
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2 Corinthians 3:5-7
"Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think of anything as being from ourselves, but our sufficiency is from God, 6 who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
7 But if the ministry of death, written and engraved on stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of the glory of his countenance, which glory was passing away, 8 how will the ministry of the Spirit not be more glorious? 9 For if the ministry of condemnation had glory, the ministry of righteousness exceeds much more in glory."
1 John 1:7
7 But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another (with God), and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin.
Because of the gift of the Holy Spirit making us dead to sin, empowering us to no longer be a slave to sin, but enabling us to walk in the Spirit we can understand how John can say:
1 John 3:6-9 "6 Whoever abides in Him does not sin. Whoever sins has neither seen Him nor known Him.
7 Little children, let no one deceive you. He who practices righteousness is righteous, just as He is righteous. 8 He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has sinned from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that He might destroy the works of the devil. 9 Whoever has been born of God does not sin, for His seed remains in him; and he cannot sin, because he has been born of God."
Where you have covenants, you have signs of covenants. And where you have two covenants, one superseding the other, so it is with the signs of those respective covenants. The Sabbath, a foreshadow of Jesus, was the sign of the superseded Old Covenant Exodus 31:13 and is itself now superseded by the new sign. The blood of Jesus, represented by the Cup of the New Covenant is the sign of the New Covenant 1 Corinthians 11:25.
Two covenants:
Old Covenant: The Ten Commandments represented by Ishmael, son of Hagar, the bondwoman.
New Covenant: The law of the Spirit of life in Christ by faith represented by Isaac, the son of promise.
Galatians 4:21 "Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not hear the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a bondwoman, the other by a freewoman. 23 But he who was of the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and he of the freewoman through promise, 24 which things are symbolic. For these are the two covenants: the one from Mount Sinai which gives birth to bondage, which is Hagar— 25 for this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children— 26 but the Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all...28 Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are children of promise. 29 But, as he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, even so it is now. 30 Nevertheless what does the Scripture say? “Cast out the bondwoman and her son, for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.” 31 So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman but of the free.
Galatians 5:16 I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. 17 For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish. 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law.
22:22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. 24 And those who are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit.