What does science say about barley: "Remains of barley (
Hordeum vulgare) grains found at archaeological sites in the Fertile Crescent indicate that about 10,000 years ago the crop was domesticated there from its wild relative
Hordeum spontaneum. The domestication history of barley is revisited based on the assumptions that DNA markers effectively measure genetic distances and that wild populations are genetically different and they have not undergone significant change since domestication. "
http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/4/499.full
Barley: is one of the most important of the cereal grains, and the most hardy of them all. It was grown by the Hebrews, (
Leviticus 27:16;
8:8;
Ruth 2:17) etc., who used it for baking into bread chiefly among the poor, (
Judges 7:13;
2 Kings 4:42;
John 6:9,13) and as fodder for horses. (
1 Kings 4:28) The barley harvest, (
Ruth 1:22;
2:23;
2 Samuel 21:9;10) takes place in Palestine in March and April, and in the hilly district as late as May. It always precedes the wheat harvest, in some places by a week, in others by fully three weeks. In Egypt the barley is about a month earlier than the wheat; whence its total destruction by the hail storm. (
Exodus 9:31) Smith Dictionary
Barley and Wine need clay pots to ferment. Before clay pots they kept their gains in baskets and they did not ferment. In the Old Testament, Aaron and his sons, the priests, were strictly forbidden to drink either wine or strong drink when they went into the tabernacle to minister before the Lord (see Leviticus 10:9).