Is there a deeper theological context with regard to the mosaic law, for example, with this act, Jesus was mandated to kill her. Was the Mosaic law nullified, and under what law was it nullified?
Deut 22:22
"If a man is found sleeping with another man’s wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel."
Good question. I hope you are open to my interpretation. If not it is ok.
We can agree to disagree respectfully
Here is my interpretation -
The law was revoked forever by Jesus Christ.
Here is the new law as laid out in the New Testament
This new law laid out by Jesus distinguishes Christianity from all other religions.
Jesus's teachings lifts mankind who obey God to a higher level of glorifying God.
The great treasure which is all Jesus's teachings is not found in any other religion on earth today.
Personally to me, Jesus's teachings is the truth from God because no man will imagine such teachings because in all man's heart, we wish harm on those who trespass against us. Anyone who teaches otherwise, is from God, our Creator.
Gospel According to Saint John Chapter 8
The woman taken in adultery. Christ justifies his doctrine.
[1] And Jesus went unto mount Olivet. [2] And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came to him, and sitting down he taught them. [3] And the scribes and the Pharisees bring unto him a woman taken in adultery: and they set her in the midst, [4] And said to him: Master, this woman was even now taken in adultery. [5] Now Moses in the law commanded us to stone such a one. But what sayest thou?
[6] And this they said tempting him, that they might accuse him. But Jesus bowing himself down, wrote with his finger on the ground. [7] When therefore they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said to them:
He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her. [8] And again stooping down, he wrote on the ground. [9] But they hearing this, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest. And Jesus alone remained, and the woman standing in the midst. [10] Then Jesus lifting up himself, said to her:
Woman, where are they that accused thee? Hath no man condemned thee?
Here Jesus is putting an end to laws that punish people by stoning, cutting off limbs etc. In other words, people who break moral laws are no longer punished with physical punishment. God just wants the person to repent and not sin again.
[11] Who said: No man, Lord. And Jesus said:
Neither will I condemn thee. Go, and now sin no more. [12] Again therefore, Jesus spoke to them, saying: I am the light of the world: he that followeth me, walketh not in darkness, but shall have the light of life. [13] The Pharisees therefore said to him: Thou givest testimony of thyself: thy testimony is not true. [14] Jesus answered, and said to them:
Although I give testimony of myself, my testimony is true: for I know whence I came, and whither I go: but you know not whence I come, or whither I go. [15]
You judge according to the flesh: I judge not any man.
Here it shows that God knows that even after Jesus has taught us His ways, there will always be Pharisees who will ignore God and do as they please.
Gospel According to Saint Matthew Chapter 5
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38] You have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. [39] But I say to you not to resist evil: but if one strike thee on thy right cheek, turn to him also the other: [40] And if a man will contend with thee in judgment, and take away thy coat, let go thy cloak also unto him.
Gospel According to Saint Luke Chapter 6
[41] And why seest thou the mote in thy brother' s eye: but the beam that is in thy own eye thou considerest not? [42] Or how canst thou say to thy brother: Brother, let me pull the mote out of thy eye, when thou thyself seest not the beam in thy own eye? Hypocrite, cast first the beam out of thy own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to take out the mote from thy brother' s eye. [43] For there is no good tree that bringeth forth evil fruit; nor an evil tree that bringeth forth good fruit. [44] For every tree is known by its fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns; nor from a bramble bush do they gather the grape. [45]
A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good: and an evil man out of the evil treasure bringeth forth that which is evil. For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
Jesus knows the hearts of man well, he knows therefore He left us Saint Luke 6:44 to 6:45.
In Saint Matthew Chapter 6, Jesus teaches that we must pray without disturbing others.
Gospel According to Saint Matthew Chapter 6
[6]
But thou when thou shalt pray, enter into thy chamber, and having shut the door, pray to thy Father in secret: and thy Father who seeth in secret will repay thee. [7]
And when you are praying, speak not much, as the heathens. For they think that in their much speaking they may be heard. [8] Be not you therefore like to them, for your Father knoweth what is needful for you, before you ask him. [9] Thus therefore shall you pray: Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. [10] Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
[11] Give us this day our supersubstantial bread. [12] And forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. [13] And lead us not into temptation. But deliver us from evil. Amen. [14] For if you will forgive men their offences, your heavenly Father will forgive you also your offences. [15] But if you will not forgive men, neither will your Father forgive you your offences.
In summary, no more stoning, chopping off limbs, praying in public, and in order to enter heaven, we must forgive others or else God will not forgive us our sins.
Hope this helps.