The milky way is around 100,000 light years across. I cannot see how objects that are only separated by a few hundred light years are a problem.
It is the way Consensus Cosmology interprets (or misinterprets) red-shift that makes it a problem; if the red-shifts in the two objects differ, they shouldnt be close, even if they appear to be close.
Then what is your explanation for galaxies having more gravity than their visible mass alone would predict?
Galaxies do not have more gravity than their visible mass alone would predict, and the fact that there is not enough visible mass to generate more gravity should falsify this flawed assumption.
Electromagnetism holds the galaxies together, as was
demonstrated before.
Since dark matter has not been verified to be real, you cannot just take an observation and claim dark matter did it. God did it with electricity makes more sense, because God has been verified to be real, and so has electricity.
Anomalous red-shift does not mean that our whole understanding of red-shift is thrown out the window.
Its anomalous because
inherent red-shift is ignored. Inherent red-shift changes the understanding.
Dark energy is an explanation as to why the universe is accelerating in its expansion.
And the idea of "expansion" is a result of a flawed interpretation of red-shift. The Universe is not expanding the way Consensus Cosmology says it is, because they do not take
inherent red-shift into account when making their observations.
Could you please explain what you mean by "contradiction"?
Your quote:
the universe is acting in a manner that contradicts our understanding of gravity.
Thats the
contradiction, as well as a
failed prediction in Big Bang cosmology; the universe
is not acting the way Big Bang theory says it should, which effectively falsifies the theory.
Except for when we do have evidence?
Retrofitted observations is not evidence, its a modification of reality made to fit a dead hypothesis.
Measurements of the redshift-magnitude relation for type Ia supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating since the Universe was about half its present age. To explain this acceleration, general relativity requires that much of the energy in the Universe consists of a component with large negative pressure, dubbed "dark energy"...
Consensus interpretation of red-shift is flawed and therefore false, as Mr Arp demonstrated. The idea of an expanding universe is built upon this false premise, so that idea, too, is flawed and therefore false. Dark energy is a very poor attempt to
cover up, or
patch up, these many flaws so that people like you and me wouldnt notice them.
Though I do think some of these data are intriguing, I find it amusing that mathematics has played a large role in formulating these constructs.
The mathematics is fine, just as long as it is backed up by the actual physics.
The "anomalous" red-shift objects are flying apart. How would you explain the observations?
They are flying apart, but not in the manner the Consensus says they are.The Consensus believes they are further apart than they really are, and that they should not be connected.
But it is obvious they are connected:
We have seen its effects. We can infer, based on the observations, that something is causing it.
If your interpretation of the observation is flawed (red-shift), then your inference will also be flawed (dark energy).
Except when he was right? Like the Theory of General Relativity.
Einstein's gravitational lenses are out of focus and unnecessary.
They do see it as a sign of flaws within the theory.
No, they dont. They see it as anomalous to the theory, but the theory remains sound.
The theory can change based on new evidence.
You mean the failed prediction can be exposed based on new evidence.
Kind of like how the Germ Theory of Disease changed when we discovered viruses, prions, and even genetic disease.
Yes, we are supposed to learn from our mistakes, but Consensus Cosmology doesnt.
There were problems in some of his equations, yet many of his equations have been verified through observation. Like gravitational lensing.
Nope. That idea developed because of the flawed interpretation of red-shift.
The high red-shift of the quasers is indicative that they are being "shot out" away relative to our perception of the phenomena.
Not according to the Consensus; they are too far away to be "shot out".
Gravity can affect the red-shift of an object:
The effect is very small but measurable on Earth using the Mossbauer effect and was first observed in the Pound-Rebka experiment...
What! Gravitational redshift was observed in an actual experiment! Huzzah!
What ever that experiment was, it doesnt explain those "anomalous" objects above.
We like to call such instances "observational studies".
Observational conundrums, you mean.
So those "anomalous" red-shift objects disprove all of the other observations in support of an expanding universe?
They are no other observations that support an expanding universe, the expansion is determined by an interpretation of red-shift, a flawed interpretation.
What new explanations and formulas would you now provide to explain the other evidence that seemed to support the Big Bang?
Nothing supports the Big Bang, they are all retrofitted. According to the
real evidence we observe, Big Bang never happened.
Consensus Cosmology likes to speak of evidence for Big Bang, but not about the many failed predictions and expectations of the Big Bang, starting with your quote:
The assumption was that eventually the collective gravity of the universe would start to slow expansion or even reverse it.
They were
wrong from the very beginning, it would seem.
Quick correction. They are considered "anomalous" under our current understanding of Big Bang cosmology.
This is because the current understanding is flawed. In Plasma Cosmology the observations are explained.
They do not fit the current Big Bang model,
They do not fit any Big Bang model that relies on a false interpretation of red-shift.
they do not falsify the entire theory.
Yes they do. Big Bang theory is based upon the exact opposite of the observations.
You really have no clue how science works do you?
Scientific Method:
A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Dark matter and dark energy has never been through any observation or experimentation --- Failed.
Scientific Method:
An experiment is a cornerstone of the empirical approach to acquiring data about the world and is used in both natural sciences and social sciences. An experiment can be used to help solve practical problems and to support or negate theoretical assumptions. Wiki.
Big Bang is filled with all kinds of unsupported theoretical assumptions --- Failed.
I think it is Consensus Cosmology who doesnt have a clue how science works.
The term "anomalous" means "these observations cannot be explained using our current understanding of the universe. We need to make additional observations and see what happens".
In the mean time, the Big Bang is falsified until you can make sense of the observations. How about that?
Since you obviously know so much about this, predict what observations we could find if electromagnetic force holds galaxies together.
We could find galaxies being held together.
Stars are not electrically powered. Their energy comes from nuclear fusion. The electricity is caused by movement of conductive plasma, creating a dynamo.
That is what the Consensus says, but it is not what they have empirically demonstrated.
The magnetic field of a star is generated within regions of the interior where convective circulation occurs. This movement of conductive plasma functions like a dynamo, generating magnetic fields that extend throughout the star...
Do you have an actual working model of this star that is based on actual physics? Or is this just more assumptions?
By working model I mean:
Kristian Birkeland (above left) was a renowned Norwegian scientist and Nobel Prize nominee who set up observatories in the Arctic Circle to study the Aurora Borealis...
His theory that the aurora is due to charged particle beams from the Sun has only recently been confirmed. Birkelands approach was largely experimental. He managed to reproduce sunspot behavior (inset) in his famous Terrella experiments where he applied external electrical power to a magnetized globe suspended in a near vacuum.
Significantly, his approach to science was broad, comprising observation and laboratory experimentation in addition to mathematical modelling. He was not content with a merely theoretical approach, despite having trained as a mathematician. -
Electric Star.
Has your nuclear fusion star been verified by experiments, or are you just relying on more empty, unverified, unscientific assumptions?
Just because the Consensus said it is so doesnt make it so, you know.
Like you, I am not one of the experts on the subject of Cosmology, and I am sure much of my understanding of it needs refining, but common sense tells me that empirical demonstrations that relies on basic principles found in Nature are far more believable than mere hypothetical assumptions that relies on dark, invisible, undetectable entities.
There are zero astronomical observations that support a universe held together by electromagnetism.
Thats because Consensus Cosmology does not recognize the electrical nature of the Universe, and they know nothing about electromagnetism in space, so they are all blind to the overwhelming evidence of it. That would explain the zero astronomical observations.
In Plasma Cosmology, the observations are everywhere.
So you really think that "anomalous" objects falsify all of the other observations we have made that verify our predictions?
Observations that are shoehorned into a dead hypothesis verifies nothing.
Those anomalous objects are not the only things that falsified the Big Bang, the Big Bangs many
failed predictions and expectations also falsified it.
There seem to be no end to Consensus Cosmology coming across observations in space they didnt expect, and expecting observations in space they can never come across.