This is possibly the most difficult question to answer Breanne, but I will give an honest attempt by referring to the same type questions being asked and answered at the WELS Q & A forum.
First link with answer pasted in,(again, this is from WELS, and not my own work) link
http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=63&cuItem_itemID=25298
question presented,
I have a question about participating in a Bible study and fellowship. Some people I work with are forming a Bible study group. The participants in the group will be from various denominations. My question is would participating in such a study group contitute fellowship or not?
answer given by a WELS Pastor,
Remember the purpose for the principles of fellowship--to give a clear testimony to the truth. People of different denominations could get together and honestly discuss their differences. Lutherans for example could explain why they believe baptism of babies and recognizing the real presence of Christ's body and blood in the Lord's Supper are the necessary biblical teachings. This would be giving a clear testimony. This, however, is not what most Bible study groups such as the one you are considering are about. Most often they are based on the premise that differences of doctrine are not that important and that it does not really make any difference who leads the group or if the leaders have different beliefs. Another premise is that people can worship and pray together without agreement in what they believe. This would be giving a false testimony..
Next question, link
http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1518&cuTopic_topicID=63&cuItem_itemID=24235
I'm new to WELS. After worship we do have a Bible Study, but time is limited for individual questions. I will ask my Pastor for a church phone contact. I apologize for using this service too much. My question is about praying with another Christian who believes in Jesus as Lord and Savior, but is a member of a denomination that differs in belief about baptism and communion. I know it is wrong to pray with someone that is an unbeliver or praying with someone in a false religion. I can pray for them but not with them.
answer given by WELS Pastor
First of all, welcome to our fellowship. Hopefully by this time you will not only be enjoying a healthy relationship with your pastor but also making use of the phone and possibly other contact methods to bring him your questions when they surface.
The archive section of this Q & A has many prior postings on the subject of prayer and prayer fellowship, so you might want to check that out. Three essays on this specific subject are also posted in the WLS on-line essay file (
http://www.wlsessays.net/subject/P/Prayer+–+Fellowship) and you may enjoy a more thorough personal study of the issues.
The Bible's church fellowship principles govern all expressions of fellowship, including joint Christian prayer as well as worship and joint gospel work. Our relationship with all other professing Christians is included in these principles and their application. In other words, joint prayer with professing believers whose beliefs differ from our own (on any subject revealed in the Bible) are governed by the fellowship principles. And the basic teaching remains that we are not to express doctrinal unity with other professing believers if such unity does not in fact exist.
If the other Christian you have in mind is rightly described as a "weak brother" who is open to instruction, you may express fellowship and testify to him or teach him at the same time. If his wrong beliefs are embraced despite adequate warning and testimony to the truth, in love you are to testify against that error and not express oneness in the confession of the faith. You will have to determine if his membership in that erring church or denomination is accurately reflecting his personal convictions or not. If so, you may not have joint prayer with the errorist.
Breanne, there are many other replies given to similar questions, but its not right for me to put them all in here, so I will give you the direct link to these questions and you can read through them, then if you still have questions please use this thread you started to ask your questions.
If you haven't already figured this out, which I'm sure you have, the WELS is about the only major Lutheran synod that has this strict fellowship practice. In a bible class my Pastor gave last year on this subject the members also asked many similar questions, and my Pastor's diffinitive answer was, which doctrines does the bible say it is Ok to teach against?
here is the link to the questions about fellowship practices
http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?1519&cuQA_qaID=1&cuTopic_topicID=63
If you have a local WELS church, perhaps you can ask the Pastor if you can borrow the libraries copy of "Church Fellowship" by John F Brug, or you can buy it at the WELS web site at the Northwestern Publishing House operated by the WELS
http://online.nph.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?process&procID=10435&categoryID=1821