Due to the
precession of the equinoxes the direction of the Earth's axis is very slowly but continuously changing, and as the projection of the Earth's axis moves around the
celestial sphere over the millennia, the role of North Star passes from one star to another. Since the precession of the equinoxes is so slow, taking about 26,000 years to complete a cycle, a single star typically holds that title for many centuries.
In 3000
BCE the faint star
Thuban in the
constellation Draco was the North Star. At magnitude 3.67 (fourth magnitude) it is only one-fifth as bright as Polaris, the current North Star.
Gamma Cephei (also known as Alrai, situated 45 light-years away) will become closer to the northern celestial pole than Polaris around 3000
CE, and be at its closest approach around 4000 CE. The title of North Star then will pass to
Iota Cephei (ι Cephei, situated 115 light-years away) some time around 5200 CE. The first magnitude star
Vega (26 light-years away) will then become the North Star by 14000 CE.