Sumerian astronomers studied angle measure, using a division of circles into 360 degrees.
[4] They, and later the
Babylonians, studied the ratios of the sides of
similar triangles and discovered some properties of these ratios but did not turn that into a systematic method for finding sides and angles of triangles. The
ancient Nubians used a similar method. Wiki
The point is that all of these things you are talking about had their beginning with the Sumerians. Even if other people and other civilization developed them further. The Chaldeans, Babylonians, Egyptians and so on. All of this was around long before the Greeks came along.
The origins of
Western astronomy can be found in
Mesopotamia, the "land between the rivers"
Tigris and
Euphrates, where the ancient kingdoms of
Sumer,
Assyria, and
Babylonia were located. A form of writing known as
cuneiform emerged among the Sumerians around 3500–3000 BC. Our knowledge of Sumerian astronomy is indirect, via the earliest Babylonian star catalogues dating from about 1200 BC. The fact that many star names appear in Sumerian suggests a continuity reaching into the Early Bronze Age. Astral theology, which gave planetary gods an important role in
Mesopotamian mythology and
religion, began with the Sumerians. They also used a
sexagesimal (base 60) place-value number system, which simplified the task of recording very large and very small numbers. The modern practice of dividing a circle into 360
degrees, of 60 minutes each, began with the Sumerians. For more information, see the articles on
Babylonian numerals and
mathematics. Wiki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_astronomy