A lot of the reason mammals even survived to sizes beyond rodents is dumb luck: Asteroid cleared out those ecological niches out for us just nicely. Gone are the epic sized reptilian predators of the sea and land, gone are the largest land animals to have ever existed, sigh...
I can imagine the Neanderthals, who exceeded us in certain capacities, were the victims of such dumb luck. There are so many factors at play that the competitiveness of species against species can be ruined with issues such as disease or even local disasters such as wildfires or flooding. Evolution is the survival of the fittest, it's the survival of the most adaptable. Whoever can take the place of the dead guy first wins.
On the programme I was watching, they said that possibly the reason teh Neanderthals were pushed out was because the modern humans communicated across bigger groups..the Neanderthals tended to stay bin smaller tribes and not communicate (and thus, presumably, not co-operate with one another so much).
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