Destroyer mαshchith', Εxοd. Xii, 23; ολοθρευτου 1 Cοr. x, 10), αn exterminator (see Βromel, De ángelï exterminátore, Jeri. 1685; also in the Τhesαur. theol. philοlog. V. Τ. i, 301 sq.).
Through His prophet Isaiah, God profoundly states, "I form light and create darkness, I make peace and CREATE evil; I am God, I do all these things" (Isaiah 45:7).
SA´TAN. The word itself, the Hebrew saÆtaÆn, is simply an "adversary," and is so used in 1 Sam. 29:4; 2 Sam. 19:22; 1 Kings 5:4; 11:14, 23, 25; Num. 22:22, 32; Ps. 109:6. This original sense is still found in our Lords application of the name to St. Peter in Matt. 16:23. It is used as a proper name or title only four times in the Old Testament, viz. (with the article) in Job 1:6, 12; 2:1; Zech. 2:1, and (without the article) in 1 Chron. 21:1.
The idea that there exists anything capable of setting itself up as God's opponent would be considered overly polytheisticyou are setting up the devil to be a god or demigod.The notion of an angel having free will is alien to Judaism. Free will requires the tension created by being a soul dwelling in a body. People can have free will, angels can't.
There is a debate over whether they lack the potential for free will, or whether they simply percieve reality to clearly to have any choices to make. But in any case, without the fence-straddling of the human condition, there is no free will.
HaSatan acts as a servant of God, not as an opponent or even disobediant child. Angels cannot sin, they cannot fall. (Soc.Culture.Jewish NewsgroupsFrequently Asked Questions and Answers)
Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Prophets, Jewish Publication Society, 1962, Philip Birnbaum, Encyclopedia of Jewish Concepts, Hebrew Publishing Company, 1991, Aryeh Kaplan, Jewish Meditation, Schocken Books, 1985.
The Hebrews were accustomed by a figure to speak οf any superhuman agency as that οf an angel (see Bush, Note οn Exοd. iii, 2); and whenever this had a providential aspect it was attributed to a diνine messenger (2 Kings xix, 35; 2 Sam. xxiν, 15, 16; Psα. lxxνiii, 49; Acts xii, 23). See ANGEL. Ενen Satan's malignity is represented as thus employed (Job iί, 6, 7).
accuser [prosecutor] ha-satan Job i, G sq. ; Rev. Xii, 10 sq. ; comp. Zech. iii, 1
3. the New Test. dragοn (δρακων
is only found in the Αροcalypse (Rev. xii, 3, 4, 7, 9, 16, 17, etc.), as applied metaphorically to "the old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan," the description of the dragon" being dictated by the symbolical meaning of the image
rather than by any reference to any actually existing creature.
Smith's Diet, of Clαaα. Antig. s. v. Dráco.
Ahriman is thought to be the first personification of the Devil because Zoroastrians believed in a completely
dualistic form of religion.
The idea that there is a God in heaven above who fights against a god of the underworld, or hell, is not monotheism, however,
it is the same duality found in other pagan faiths.
Job 26:6 Sheol (the place of the dead) is naked before God, and Abaddon (the place of destruction) has no covering [from His eyes]. Job 33:18 He holds him back from the pit [of destruction], and his life from perishing by the sword [of God's destructive judgments]. Ps 55:23 But You, O God, will bring down the wicked into the pit of destruction; men of blood and treachery shall not live out half their days. But I will trust in, lean on, and confidently rely on You. Prov 13:13 Whoever despises the word and counsel [of God] brings destruction upon himself, but he who [reverently] fears and respects the commandment [of God] is rewarded.
Prov 27:20 Sheol (the place of the dead) and Abaddon (the place of destruction) are never satisfied; so [the lust of] the eyes of man is never satisfied. [Prov. 30:16; Hab. 2:5.] Is 13:6 Wail, for the day of the Lord is at hand; as destruction from the Almighty and Sufficient One [Shaddai] will it come! [Gen. 17:1.] Jer 17:18 Let those be put to shame who persecute me, but let me not be put to shame; let them be dismayed, but let me not be dismayed. Bring on them the day of evil, and destroy them with double destruction.
Ezek 38:16 And you shall come up against My people Israel like a cloud to cover the land. In the latter days I will bring you against My land, that the nations may know, understand, and realize Me when My holiness shall be vindicated through you [vindicated and honored in your overwhelming destruction], O Gog, before their eyes.
Hos 13:14 Should I ransom them from the power of Sheol (the place of the dead)? Should I redeem them from death? O death, where are your plagues? O Sheol, where is your destruction? Relenting and compassion are hidden from My eyes. [I Cor. 15:55.] 2 Pet 3:16
Speaking of this as he does in all of his letters. There are some things in those [epistles of Paul] that are difficult to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist and misconstrue to their own utter destruction, just as [they distort and misinterpret] the rest of the Scriptures.
A Greek-English Lexicon by William Arndt and F Wilbur Gingrich
ολεθρον destruction, ruin, desolation, annihilation Esp. of eternal destruction as punishment for the wicked: Mt 7: 13
A Greek and English Dictionary of the Septuagint and New Testament, John Groves
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon
Classical Greek Online: Base Form Dictionary
Commentary on the Bible by Adam Clarke
A Critical Dictionary of Proto-Indo-European with Hurrian Comparative
M-M= JH Moulton and G Milligan