• Starting today August 7th, 2024, in order to post in the Married Couples, Courting Couples, or Singles forums, you will not be allowed to post if you have your Marital status designated as private. Announcements will be made in the respective forums as well but please note that if yours is currently listed as Private, you will need to submit a ticket in the Support Area to have yours changed.

  • CF has always been a site that welcomes people from different backgrounds and beliefs to participate in discussion and even debate. That is the nature of its ministry. In view of recent events emotions are running very high. We need to remind people of some basic principles in debating on this site. We need to be civil when we express differences in opinion. No personal attacks. Avoid you, your statements. Don't characterize an entire political party with comparisons to Fascism or Communism or other extreme movements that committed atrocities. CF is not the place for broad brush or blanket statements about groups and political parties. Put the broad brushes and blankets away when you come to CF, better yet, put them in the incinerator. Debate had no place for them. We need to remember that people that commit acts of violence represent themselves or a small extreme faction.

Why Listen to Reason?

Received

True love waits in haunted attics
Mar 21, 2002
12,817
774
42
Visit site
✟53,594.00
Gender
Male
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Married
No, that was not my point. My point was: Are you expecting reasonable answers, or will you accept unreasonable or ill-reasoned ones as valid answers?

Well, an answer can be an observation, or a conjecture, without it being a "reason". You know, reason means working from premises to come to a new conclusion -- or generalizing previous points to a new conclusion. By inviting a thread like this, I'm opening up the observation that reason has limitations; saying something like "we need reason" is a psychological observation that sort of explains reason without itself being a reason -- it's more a cause than a reason.

Personally, I think that in the field of epistemology there is no alternative to reason, and that´s the reason why its value is undisputed.
When it comes to decision making, I have my doubts that reason plays as big a part as we like to think. I tend to think that we make our decisions quick, early, and intuitively - and then spend a lot of time rationalizing ourselves towards the already made decision.
As far as treating our fellow humans is concerned, in my opinion reason is not the unquestionably top criterium.

Now this is very interesting. I would only say that knowing something (the realm of epistemology) has more ingredients than reasoning. I don't quite buy the popular epistemological formula for knowledge as true justified belief. I think "knowledge," if the term has any meaning, refers to representing something as it is -- just "getting" that what we're attempting to represent actually "fits" the world out there in some sense. That's not really a reasonable thing so much as it is an intuitive one, although this knowledge can obviously be attained through reason.
 
Upvote 0

Mr. Pedantic

Newbie
Jul 13, 2011
1,257
33
Auckland
✟24,178.00
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Single
I mean, srsly.

But WAIT!

Before you respond, know that a response is giving a reason, which is begging the question.

So...

What's the deal with that? Seems like reason rests on arational (or irrational) foundations.

But you're giving a reasoned justification for refuting any reason anyone gives, which means that you're implicitly supporting the use of reason.
 
Upvote 0

variant

Happy Cat
Jun 14, 2005
23,790
6,591
✟315,332.00
Faith
Agnostic
Marital Status
Single
Yes, and saying brains "work" is to go beyond reason, which is what I'm talking about. There comes a point when we accept reasoning intuitively, or "just because," for no other reason than because it *feels* right. In terms of evolution, you could say that reason is an instinct, and an instinct is a sort of starting point or the very substance of self-evident stuff.

Isn't that what you asked me to do? Find something beyond reasoning which validates it that is in some way different than it so you're not circularly justifying something?

I am going beyond purely abstract reasoning yes, but there is a perfectly good subset of physical and test oriented reasoning too which is where abstract reasoning draws it's validity.

You asked originally where abstract reasoning drew it's validity, and it does so via testing it.
 
Last edited:
Upvote 0

quatona

"God"? What do you mean??
May 15, 2005
37,512
4,302
✟190,302.00
Faith
Seeker
Well, an answer can be an observation, or a conjecture, without it being a "reason". You know, reason means working from premises to come to a new conclusion -- or generalizing previous points to a new conclusion. By inviting a thread like this, I'm opening up the observation that reason has limitations;
Maybe there are some people to whom that is a new observation.
Yet, the limitation you are pointing out is common to any system: The system as such can´t be explained/justified by means of the mechanisms within the system. That´s not a surprising limitation, it´s logically inevitable.

saying something like "we need reason" is a psychological observation that sort of explains reason without itself being a reason -- it's more a cause than a reason.
So you are demanding a reason for demanding a reason - but then again, it must not be a reason, because that would render the attempted justification circular? Nice example of a double-bind. ;)



Now this is very interesting. I would only say that knowing something (the realm of epistemology) has more ingredients than reasoning. I don't quite buy the popular epistemological formula for knowledge as true justified belief. I think "knowledge," if the term has any meaning, refers to representing something as it is -- just "getting" that what we're attempting to represent actually "fits" the world out there in some sense. That's not really a reasonable thing so much as it is an intuitive one, although this knowledge can obviously be attained through reason.
It´s not only a reasonable, not only an intuitve one, but it´s a inevitable one. It´s how we function.

Of course, when we try to make a statement about *something* this statement is supposed to represent that something in some way. That´s the nature of a statement about something. There´s nothing deep or mysterious or intuitive about it. That´s banal.

However, I whole-heartedly contradict your assertion that it´s about representing "something as it is". There´s hardly anything less relevant for us than what stuff is as it is. Our explanations, our justifications, our epistemological convictions have to fit our own make-up in the first place, they are the attempt to fit our observations into our faculties. We want to give observations sense and meaning on our terms (because everything else wouldn´t make sense to us nor be meaningful).
In my opinion "we want our 'knowledge' to fit the world out there" is an absolutely inaccurate description. What we want is our observations to fit the needs that are determined by the way our brain works. Note how in this last sentence the world (as it is) out there isn´t even mentioned.

Next: As soon as we aren´t alone with ourselves but talking to others, a mutually accepted frame of reference, some sort of common ground is required. Every statement we make, every so-called truth or knowledge claim is made from within a certain frame of reference. We better be interested in maintaining this frame of reference - in case such even exists. Denying the value of reason in a discussion means terminating this common ground. It´s chopping off the branch we both are sitting on, along with everybody else.

Thus, if you want to question the high reputation of reason, I´d suggest you play us some music or draw a painting rather than starting asking questins or starting a discussion. ;)

That, on a side note, strikes me as the very reason why talking about "God" doesn´t work out to well between you and me. You are assuming some common ground and frame of reference we don´t have. I do see how your arguments in these threads make sense to someone who operates within the same frame of reference (theism in general, and traditional Abrahamic monotheism in particular), but they aren´t suited to create a common ground between you and me.
 
Last edited:
Upvote 0

Paradoxum

Liberty, Equality, Solidarity!
Sep 16, 2011
10,712
654
✟43,188.00
Gender
Female
Faith
Humanist
Marital Status
Private
Politics
UK-Liberal-Democrats
But what I'm saying is that the foundation of truth -- what makes us value truth in the first place -- is precisely the belief that makes us happy.

Extending this, we seem to believe the universe is a pretty optimistic place if we believe that truth, at whatever cost, is happiness-inducing. Bit of a leap of faith, it seems.

I'm not sure it is the belief that truth is always good for happiness, but that it is meaningful. And seems to be something slightly different than common happiness. By seeking the truth one participates in something bigger than oneself.

A life without truth seems to be a fake life, and a fake life is close to a worthless and unreal life. A fake life seems to lose its reality, whereas a true life seems to have a firmer foundation. The will to truth is a wish for ones life to be real, and more than an illusion, more than a dream that will fade away.

Perhaps is it the desire for a foundation, for solidity, for a something objective to stand on.
 
Upvote 0

Lord Emsworth

Je ne suis pas une de vos élèves.
Oct 10, 2004
51,745
421
Through the cables and the underground ...
✟76,459.00
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Private
I mean, srsly.

But WAIT!

Before you respond, know that a response is giving a reason, which is begging the question.

So...

What's the deal with that? Seems like reason rests on arational (or irrational) foundations.


I think it is just the way we work. (Not that there aren't other facets too.)
 
Upvote 0
E

Elioenai26

Guest
Our perceptions need to correspond with reality.

It is a fallacious postmodern view which goes something like:

"Reality is what we want it to be, or what we perceive it to be, or whatever fits my personal makeup and views."

Our perceptions and views are true if they actually correspond to an actual state of affairs that pertain in the world. This is why the correspondence theory of truth has been the view espoused by the vast majority of philosophers ever since Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

These men recognized that wishful thinking is not going to change reality one iota.

A person can perceive that they are a bird or think and desire to be a bird all they want to. If they jump off a building and attempt to fly, they will soon find out that reality does not bend or bow to their desires but that in reality, there is a law called gravity which will cause them to come crashing to the ground.
 
Upvote 0

Davian

fallible
May 30, 2011
14,100
1,181
West Coast of Canada
✟46,103.00
Gender
Male
Faith
Ignostic
Marital Status
Married
Our perceptions need to correspond with reality.
I disagree. As long as you are not confusing red with green, or 'walk' with 'don't walk' I suspect that many of us can get along fine.

When I watch TV, I don't perceive it as a series of still images played in quick succession.

One's mind can play tricks on oneself, that may not be possible to discover through introspection.
It is a fallacious postmodern view which goes something like:

"Reality is what we want it to be, or what we perceive it to be, or whatever fits my personal makeup and views."

Our perceptions and views are true if they actually correspond to an actual state of affairs that pertain in the world. This is why the correspondence theory of truth has been the view espoused by the vast majority of philosophers ever since Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

These men recognized that wishful thinking is not going to change reality one iota.

A person can perceive that they are a bird or think and desire to be a bird all they want to. If they jump off a building and attempt to fly, they will soon find out that reality does not bend or bow to their desires but that in reality, there is a law called gravity which will cause them to come crashing to the ground.
A person may perceive that they are in communication with a deity, or deities, all they want to. If they jump into a internet forum, and attempt to convince others that this perception is real, they will soon find out that reality does not bend or bow to their desires but that in reality all they have been promoting is wishful thinking. But for some, this takes years.
 
Upvote 0

Received

True love waits in haunted attics
Mar 21, 2002
12,817
774
42
Visit site
✟53,594.00
Gender
Male
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Married
It's like this (for the claim I'm making a demand for reason while questioning reason, etc.):

(1) If I ask for a reason, this implies reason is possible;
(2) Using your own premise in a conclusion is begging the question;
(3) By using a reason when questioning reason, I'm using my own premise in a conclusion;
(4) Therefore, using a reason when questioning reason is begging the question;
(5) But I've stilled asked for a reason, which implies reason is possible;
(6) Therefore, asking for a reason is contradictory, but the conclusion of (4) still stands.

So it goes with me asking for a reason that's unreasonable.

But that would've made a pretty boring thread, with me just *saying* things and not asking about them.

So truth contradicts CF posting etiquette. Bummer.
 
Upvote 0

Received

True love waits in haunted attics
Mar 21, 2002
12,817
774
42
Visit site
✟53,594.00
Gender
Male
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Married
Maybe there are some people to whom that is a new observation.
Yet, the limitation you are pointing out is common to any system: The system as such can´t be explained/justified by means of the mechanisms within the system. That´s not a surprising limitation, it´s logically inevitable.

Not surprising to you, yeah.

So you are demanding a reason for demanding a reason - but then again, it must not be a reason, because that would render the attempted justification circular? Nice example of a double-bind. ;)

See my #31 (not the Dave Matthews song).

However, I whole-heartedly contradict your assertion that it´s about representing "something as it is". There´s hardly anything less relevant for us than what stuff is as it is. Our explanations, our justifications, our epistemological convictions have to fit our own make-up in the first place, they are the attempt to fit our observations into our faculties. We want to give observations sense and meaning on our terms (because everything else wouldn´t make sense to us nor be meaningful).
In my opinion "we want our 'knowledge' to fit the world out there" is an absolutely inaccurate description. What we want is our observations to fit the needs that are determined by the way our brain works. Note how in this last sentence the world (as it is) out there isn´t even mentioned.

Okay, but I counter you with Aquinas' statement that what is known is in the mode of the knower. I completely agree that we fashion the world "out there" to our own make-up by the very act of representing it. But I don't think that fashioning something to fit our perceptions takes away from representing it "as it is." It's just that "as it is" means "as it is to us," and something can only be "as it is to us" if in fact this perception of "as it is" is drawing on something "out there", i.e., objectivity, which is by definition undefinable, without qualities, literally something we take on intuition or faith. IOW, something being known in the mode of the knower doesn't mean that that which is known *can't* tell us something about the real world "out there."

Next: As soon as we aren´t alone with ourselves but talking to others, a mutually accepted frame of reference, some sort of common ground is required. Every statement we make, every so-called truth or knowledge claim is made from within a certain frame of reference.

What is the frame of reference for this statement?

We better be interested in maintaining this frame of reference - in case such even exists. Denying the value of reason in a discussion means terminating this common ground. It´s chopping off the branch we both are sitting on, along with everybody else.

The subtle difference I see here is that you're seeing contradiction and nonsense, where I'm seeing paradox (or even contradiction) that by being a paradox or contradiction tells us something. Kind of like when we use reductio ad absurdum reasoning, we're reducing something to nonsense, which tells us something about this reduction to nonsense.

That, on a side note, strikes me as the very reason why talking about "God" doesn´t work out to well between you and me. You are assuming some common ground and frame of reference we don´t have. I do see how your arguments in these threads make sense to someone who operates within the same frame of reference (theism in general, and traditional Abrahamic monotheism in particular), but they aren´t suited to create a common ground between you and me.

Sounds good. So are you engaging in arguments out of the hope that concepts of God will ring true for you in some way?
 
Upvote 0

quatona

"God"? What do you mean??
May 15, 2005
37,512
4,302
✟190,302.00
Faith
Seeker
Okay, but I counter you with Aquinas' statement that what is known is in the mode of the knower. I completely agree that we fashion the world "out there" to our own make-up by the very act of representing it. But I don't think that fashioning something to fit our perceptions takes away from representing it "as it is." It's just that "as it is" means "as it is to us," and something can only be "as it is to us" if in fact this perception of "as it is" is drawing on something "out there", i.e., objectivity, which is by definition undefinable, without qualities, literally something we take on intuition or faith. IOW, something being known in the mode of the knower doesn't mean that that which is known *can't* tell us something about the real world "out there."
All it can tell us how we can meaningfully relate to our perceptions (in which "perceptions" is a tad presumptious, since we can not even reliably tell whether our sense tell us something about a world out there or about themselves) . And that´s all that´s relevant, anyway.
Anyway, I´d agree with your statement that "knowledge" always describes as something "is to me/us". However, the differences between "me" and "us" seem to be swept under the carpet in Aquina´s idea of knowledge/truth. We often simply assume that others perceive (for lack of a better word) in the same way we do, and oftentimes when it turns out people perceive differently (particularly when they are a small minority, and when their perception threatens the worldview that we have constructed for ourselves) are dismissed as crazy or ill.
Even if we let go the idea of "objectivity" - the concepts of "knowledge" and "truth" traditionally signify something more than "how the world is to me". Actually, their very purpose is to differenciate between "correct" and "incorrect" impressions.
From your paragraph above I can´t know what criteria you use for making this distinction.
As far as I am concerned, I am convinced that it´s all a matter of finding basic common ground from which we can come to agreements on the details. What each of us expects to be accepted as common ground is taken naturally or from social and cultural experience (or, if you prefer your religious terminology, on "faith"). Which means that anyone can come at any time and question it - without me or you being able to justify it.

Our common reality depends on our agreements (which are not always explicit but oftentimes implicit, unspoken, or simply assumed), in the first place. We all have a vivid interest in such agreements (this is what "quest for truth/knowledge" actually comes down to: the wish to gain common ground among the people we consider relevant).

And this leads me to the very reason I take issue with your OP: By questioning that which (demonstrably - see the "paradox" you admit) is a shared reality between you and me (i.e. that reason needs to be employed when comparing our views) you are going the opposite way: You don´t embrace our common ground, you are destroying our reality. Now, as I said above, you can do that, and you can do it any time. The question, however, is: Why would you do that - particularly when it is about something that is so axiomatic to yourself that you can´t question it without the question becoming a paradox? Each of your posts breathes the attempt to employ reason and demands reason from those responding. And that´s the very assumed common ground that brings people together in a philosophy forum.

And I guess my response should be: If you don´t want reason to be our common ground, offer something else.



What is the frame of reference for this statement?
(Assuming that this is not another mindless Elionai-style attempt of pointing out a self-contradiction by means of imposing a statement upon itself - which, to be honest, annoys me to no end; and assuming you are really interested in the frame of reference of *this particular statement* - for whatever reason. And I am fully aware that with any response you could ask the same question again, ad infinitum):
I don´t know, and I misspoke: There´s not only one frame of reference to any statement, but a whole bunch of them. That there are doesn´t mean we are necessarily aware of them (all). In my opinion this is one of the purposes of discussions: we get the opportunity to get aware of the frames of reference to our statements - when somebody else disagrees with them.
When we disagree there are basically two options
a. We share the frames of reference in which this statement is made (i.e. the statement is indeed that which we disagree upon), or
b. our disagreement is caused the our frames of reference are not the same (i.e. the disagreement lies deeper).
b, sadly, is often not taken into consideration in these discussions. People keep banging their heads discussing a particular statement when actually the problem is that the assumed common ground isn´t there.

Ok, if you want to hear one frame of reference in which my statement has been made: reason. I do know that per your OP you have cancelled reason as the common ground for these discussions - but then you haven´t offered anything to replace it by.




The subtle difference I see here is that you're seeing contradiction and nonsense, where I'm seeing paradox (or even contradiction) that by being a paradox or contradiction tells us something. Kind of like when we use reductio ad absurdum reasoning, we're reducing something to nonsense, which tells us something about this reduction to nonsense.
And what does it tell us?
The fact that whatever system can not justify itself by means of this very system is not nonsense, it´s not contradiction, it´s not a paradox) - it´s banal and trivial, it´s a given. You can take any philosophical or epistemological approach and deconstruct it that way.

The interesting question, however: Why do people who usually feel very comfortable with such agreed realities suddenly and at some particular point discover this deconstructive approach as a their prefered tool?



Sounds good. So are you engaging in arguments out of the hope that concepts of God will ring true for you in some way?
No, primarily I am engaging in arguments out of the hope that I find out about the frames of reference that are required to render certain - to me completely outlandish or often even unintelligible - statements and ideas meaningful, intelligible and (from within that frame of reference) logical and reasonable. I am interested in people and how their minds work.
Or, to put it differently: I am engaging in these arguments out of the hope that there is still some common ground/shared frame of reference.
 
Upvote 0

Non sequitur

Wokest Bae Of The Forum
Jul 2, 2011
4,532
541
Oklahoma City, OK
✟53,280.00
Country
United States
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Single
Politics
US-Constitution
I mean, srsly.

But WAIT!

Before you respond, know that a response is giving a reason, which is begging the question.

So...

What's the deal with that? Seems like reason rests on arational (or irrational) foundations.

You are creating a rather circular question, so most answers will be rather circular.

This seems to be on par with, "How do we know we aren't in the Matrix?"
 
Upvote 0

Texas Sailor

Member
Apr 3, 2013
10
0
God Fearing America (USA)
✟122.00
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Single
What I'm saying with the OP is that using a reasonable response to talk about reason is begging the question, because what you're questioning (reason) is inherent to your response (which uses reason).

So, there's gotta be something deeper than reason that keeps us using it. Maybe you could call this intuition; that is, we intuitively feel that reason is something worth keeping. Or maybe reason makes us happy -- that's a psychological push toward reason.


Oh dear. You have really got a mixed up understanding of what it means to use rational thought.

There are certain Absolute Laws of Logic.

You can try to question them, but a reasonable man would have no way of doing so without being completely aware that he is wrong for doing so.

The ability to recognize logic is one of the many things that make us human bro!

Take this for example:

The Law of Non-Contradiction- Something cannot both BE itself and its opposite at the same time. (A rock cannot both be a rock and not-a-rock).

A rock is a rock. (reasonable statement)
A rock is not a rock. (cannot be true if it IS a ROCK! Unreasonable illogical statement)

You see?

There are many of them that are equally infailable and it is through our recognition of these laws and with respect to them that we are able to make an attempt at what is worth claiming to know.

You using your intuition as you mentioned instead of logic is a flimsy bridge to insanity. You may get some things right, but without ensuring that it logically holds up, you don't have anyway of knowing! If you turn your head to others that do the logical work for you and show the error, that is a life lived through ignorance! Why would you want to?

You also have a weird interpretation of "begging the question".

I'd Google: Logical Fallacies, rules of logic, logical absolutes...

There's a plethera of knowledge waiting to be understood, you just have to use the right tools.

"A man that holds a true belief without knowledge is like a blind man that just happens to find the right road"
-Plato
 
Upvote 0

Texas Sailor

Member
Apr 3, 2013
10
0
God Fearing America (USA)
✟122.00
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Single
You are creating a rather circular question, so most answers will be rather circular.

This seems to be on par with, "How do we know we aren't in the Matrix?"

You can't ask a question because it sounds like your begging for an answer, That's begging the question....Lol
 
Upvote 0

Texas Sailor

Member
Apr 3, 2013
10
0
God Fearing America (USA)
✟122.00
Faith
Atheist
Marital Status
Single
It's like this (for the claim I'm making a demand for reason while questioning reason, etc.):

(1) If I ask for a reason, this implies reason is possible;
(2) Using your own premise in a conclusion is begging the question;
(3) By using a reason when questioning reason, I'm using my own premise in a conclusion;
(4) Therefore, using a reason when questioning reason is begging the question;
(5) But I've stilled asked for a reason, which implies reason is possible;
(6) Therefore, asking for a reason is contradictory, but the conclusion of (4) still stands.

So it goes with me asking for a reason that's unreasonable.

But that would've made a pretty boring thread, with me just *saying* things and not asking about them.

So truth contradicts CF posting etiquette. Bummer.

Descarte had a similar dilemma. But here's where you are getting stuck where as he continued

I think, therefore I am. If even only for this second as I percieve myself as ME. (that gives us a start, and I get the impression you are not troubled by proving your own existance)

Descartes next problem which is where you are now. How can I trust my sense receptions and discern what is real and that i'm not being controlled by some Demon somewhere?

He invoked God.

I say logical absolutes, and have no issue taking them at face value as their truth is as clear to me as the first statement. When thinking about what is worth knowing, it is what is worth knowing to ME that's important and I know with the same certainty that I exist, and I cannot both exist and not-exist at the same time.

Cool beans?
 
Upvote 0

DaneaFL

Well-Known Member
Apr 20, 2012
410
29
Deep in the bible belt.
✟732.00
Faith
Non-Denom
Marital Status
Single
The statement "you can't rely on your reason because it requires reason" reminds me of what creationists say after you've intellectually cornered them.

It's kind of like the "nuclear button" that you press when all else fails. If you can't win the argument just blow the whole thing up but saying "well you can't rely on your brain to tell you about reality anyway!"

Boom! All the arguments and facts go out the window once you press the "you can't KNOW anything" button.

Just read my sig for proof of this tactic... lol
 
Upvote 0

Noxot

anarchist personalist
Site Supporter
Aug 6, 2007
8,192
2,452
39
dallas, texas
Visit site
✟276,399.00
Country
United States
Gender
Male
Faith
Christian
Marital Status
Single
Politics
US-Others
reason is a subjective capacity and just because you have much or little of it does not mean you contain the whole of reality inside of your understanding. mankind trys to find or disprove God from the bottom up, it is quit an insult really. it is like an ant proclaiming there are no black holes because all of reality is the ant hole and the few other places he has seen. and the highest thing there is, is sugar,...because he likes how it taste and it feeds him well, and it feeds his queen.
 
Upvote 0