Fundamentalism is the demand for a strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines usually understood as a reaction against
Modernist theology.
[1] The term "fundamentalism" was originally coined by its supporters to describe five specific classic theological beliefs of Christianity, and that developed into a
movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century, and that had its roots in the
FundamentalistModernist Controversy of that time.
[2] While the word was originally used to refer to this specific movement within Protestantism, it has come to be applied to a broad tendency among certain groups mainly, although not exclusively, in religion in general. This tendency is most often characterized by a markedly strict literalism as applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong sense of the importance of maintaining in-group and out-group distinctions, which can lead to an emphasis on purity and the desire to return to a previous ideal from which it is believed that members have begun to stray. A rejection of diversity of opinion as applied to these established "fundamentals" and their accepted interpretation within the group is often the result of this tendency.
[3]