Christ Aficionado said:
Will eating fish ultimately lead to cardio vascular disease and premature death?
The short answer to this question appears to be, "no".
However, as the focus should be overall health and not just cardiovascular disease, there is a bit more to it. And as I've just finished posting some related information in another thread, I ask that you forgive me for cutting and pasting the information here in an attempt to answer your question more fully.
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Since meats, poultry and dairy are also implicated in heart disease and several forms of cancer, it seems hard to imagine that you could be doing anything but improving your health in limiting these things in your diet. And while fish is recommended by many for the Omega 3 fatty acids which are said to be healthy for the heart, it should also be noted that if you reduce or exclude the meats, poultry and dairy, it's far less likely that you'll develop a reason to be concerned about the health of your heart in the first place. All of the cholesterol in your diet comes from animal sources for the simple reason that plants are unable to produce cholesterol. The vast majority of saturated fat in your diet also comes from animal sources. Saturated fat and cholesterol are the most consistently implicated dietary factors in the development of cardiovascular disease.
You might also wish to consider that virtually all fish available today comes with a surprise package of PCBs, heavy metals, organohalogens and chloronated hydrocarbons, (pesticide residues). Since no farmer wants to pay the high cost of having his crop dusted, just to have a rain wash it all away the next day, these products are necessarily fat soluble. As such, they remain stable in sunlight and don't rinse off when crops are watered or rained on. However, they do eventually make it into the soil and then to the water table. Once they access the water table, their eventual destination will be the rivers, lakes and oceans where fish spawn, live and are caught by commercial fishing vessels. And while fish aren't considered fatty as compared to beef, fish do contain fat which means that as they swim through their watery world, these fat soluble pesticide residues become locked into the tissues of the fish.
As small fish eat aquatic insects and the insects also serve as storage facilities for these chemicals, the toxins build up within the fish with each and every meal. Eventually larger fish eat the smaller ones thereby adding concentrated levels of pesticide residues to their own tissues. These steps through the food chain continue with a rise in toxicity levels of approximately ten fold for each link in the chain until the fish eventually ends up on your plate. The flesh of shellfish has been shown to retain levels of pollutants 70,000 to 90,000 times greater than the water in which they live. They become virtual sponges for the worst of the contaminants in the water.
PCBs alone are so toxic that it is illegal to sell fish for human consumption if they contain more than 5 parts per million. If the level exceeds 50 ppm, the fish aren't even allowed to be disposed of without first being specially treated to break down the PCB compounds. But many aquatic mammals which consume fish regularly are found to contain PCB levels of 400, 600 and even 1100 ppm. While we might expect that regular inspections keep highly contaminated fish from reaching our table, in reality, only a very small quantity of fish caught are ever inspected. As an example, (and I'm not sure if this is a typical or atypical example), in 1989 the FDA tested a grand total of 1,604 fish.
While you can limit your exposure to the problem by limiting or avoiding fish in your diet, since about half of America's fish catch ends up ground into fish meal and fed to livestock, it can still find it's way into your body and will end up locked up in your fatty tissues where it can inhibit the effectiveness of your immune system to fight disease and control the cancerous cells we all develop two or three times annually. Indeed, almost 90% of the pesticide residues found in the American diet are obtained not through the plants they are applied to but through animals who ingest the products from these plants and are in turn, ingested by us.