While I cannot give you an event by event recounting or detailed analysis of "how" over the course of history...
I can offer a few things.
One, God mentions His writing of the book, inside the book itself.
Malachi 3:16
Then those who feared the LORD spoke to one another, And the LORD listened and heard
them; So a book of remembrance was written before Him For those who fear the LORD And who meditate on His name.
Secondly, you can check out Voddie Baucham's video. "Why you can believe the Bible - Voddie Baucham"
It is a reasonably well done presentation for a "calvinist." lol (I despise the condemning doctrines of calvinism - I was freed of its condemnations)
But I love Voddie anyway. I do believe him to be a genuine man trying to follow Jesus even if misguided in my estimations.
Third, Jesus Christ was reading from the Septuagint in the time of the Gospels. It is a Greek translation of the Old Testament (can be found for download in English translation from the Greek, but usually includes apocrypha books less trustworthy / not accepted by most scholars) and it was wrote by 70 scholars a few hundred years before the arrival of our Lord Jesus onto the scene translated from the Hebrew. The Jewish people used Greek in every life in Lord Jesus' time. They were under Greek rule.
The Dead Sea Scrolls have also validated the historical accuracy of the Old Testament. So you can look into those and there is a ton of conversation in the scholar world and everywhere else online with information on those. Thousands of articles by good Christians.
They have already mentioned the Council of Nicea, which would be a good digging adventure for study as they are the ones credited with selecting the books included and excluded in our completed Bible today.
King James of Scotland, then England, did not like the Tyndale translation nor the Geneva Bible and commissioned a new Bible to be made in 1604-ish. He had to fight the Catholic Church who did not believe common folk should be interpreting scripture for themselves. Some of those Catholics tried to murder him and his family right after the start of the translating called The Gunpowder Plot. It has since become the most printed and sold Bible (or book) in all of History and I don't think that record can be challenged or exceeded even up until now.
In the 1800's a Russian man named Ivan Panin discovered mathematical designs in the Old and New Testaments that validate its origins as far from being a coincidence or patch-work man-made collection of information. You can find a great deal of information about him and his work online also.
Simon Greenleaf put the Gospels on trial if you are interested in the trustworthiness of the New Testament scriptures. While it is not exactly "how" we got our Bible, it does fit the theme of validating the Word of God as trustworthy, so included him here at the end just in case.
Last but certainly not least, brother Chuck Missler has a lot of content across the internet now available and much of it on youtube and he does more than one presentation on the subject of validating the scriptures as "not" written by man.
You can search for either "Sevens in the Bible - Chuck Missler" or "Knowing God - An Extraterrestrial Message - Chuck Missler." Both are great lectures / videos but they are just good starters. He has quite a range of videos you can find if you haven't heard of him.
Happy digging.
