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Daniel 11:
Benson Commentary:
Daniel’s prophecies about the abomination of desolation was at least a partial fulfillment in 167 BC. Jesus spoke further on the prophecy and warned the Jews in Luke 21:
A parallel account was in Mark 13:
Another parallel account was in Matthew 24:
When do you see the abomination of desolation?
170 BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes was one possibility. 70 AD Titus was another. There could be yet a future possibility.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes (meaning "God Manifest") was a Greek Hellenistic king who ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He prosecuted the Jews.31 Forces from him shall appear and profane the temple and fortress, and shall take away the regular burnt offering. And they shall set up the abomination that makes desolate.
Benson Commentary:
We are informed by Josephus, by the author of the Maccabees, and others, that Antiochus’s soldiers entered the temple and plundered it, and that afterward he ordered that the Jews should not be suffered to offer up the daily sacrifices, which, according to the law, they were accustomed to offer; that he compelled them also to omit their worship of the true God, and to pay divine honours to them whom he regarded as gods, and to make shrines in every city and village, and to build altars, and daily to sacrifice swine upon them: see Joseph. Antiq. lib. 12. cap. 5, sec. 4. And they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate — In the Scriptures, idols are commonly called abominations. This was a prediction of the great profanation Antiochus should cause to the temple, in placing an idol upon the altar of burnt- offerings: see 1Ma 6:54; 1Ma 6:59. It is probable, that the idol was Jupiter, because we find that they dedicated the temple anew to Jupiter Olympus: see 2Ma 6:2. It is here called the abomination that maketh desolate, because it banished the true worship of God, and his worshippers, from the place.
Daniel’s prophecies about the abomination of desolation was at least a partial fulfillment in 167 BC. Jesus spoke further on the prophecy and warned the Jews in Luke 21:
This time, it was the Romans. Titus, before he became the Emperor, besieged Jerusalem in 70 AD. A few months later, Roman forces set fire to the temple.20“But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation has come near. 21Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, and let those who are inside the city depart, and let not those who are out in the country enter it.
A parallel account was in Mark 13:
Mark was talking about a man. After Jerusalem fell, Titus stood in the destroyed temple.14a “But when you see the abomination [neuter] of desolation [feminine] standing [masculine] where he ought not to be (let the reader understand).
Another parallel account was in Matthew 24:
Matthew was talking about the abomination itself which could refer to the Roman ensigns, Benson:15 “So when you see the abomination [neuter] of desolation spoken of by the prophet Daniel, standing [neuter] in the holy place (let the reader understand),
There may yet be another fulfillment in the future, Matthew 24 continues:We learn from Josephus, that after the city was taken, the Romans brought their ensigns into the temple, and placed them over against the eastern gate, and there sacrificed to them.
19 alas for women who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days! 20Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath. 21For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now, no, and never will be.
When do you see the abomination of desolation?
170 BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes was one possibility. 70 AD Titus was another. There could be yet a future possibility.