Read the rest of Matthew 23, it's Jesus speaking about the rabbinical community. Not someone else speaking about Jesus, and not Jesus speaking about himself.
The Jewish communities had different names throughout their history. The first century Jews were the descendants of the old testament Israelites.
Matthew 23 is a condemnation against the ''The scribes and the Pharisees''
The Scribes were not Israelites,they were Kenites....
1 Chronicles 2:55:And the families of the scribes which dwelt at Jabez; the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and Suchathites. These are the Kenites that came of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab.
These were descendents of Cain...
Matthew 23:35:That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
Which is how they could be guilty of the death of Abel...
Pharisees were Edomites,but no all..
John 8:33:They answered him, We be Abraham's seed, and were never in bondage to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free?
Israel had been in bondage - Esau/Edom had not....
Some of these people lived in Jerusalem calling themselves Judah...
Jeremiah 35:11:But it came to pass, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came up into the land, that we said, Come, and let us go to Jerusalem for fear of the army of the Chaldeans, and for fear of the army of the Syrians: so we dwell at Jerusalem.
These were the ones who followed the Tradition of the elders(Judaism)
Matthew 15:2:Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread.
Matthew 16:6:Then Jesus said unto them, Take heed and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.
Matthew 16:12:Then understood they how that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.
Jews were not descendents of Israelites,in the NT - it is Judaean....
Matthew 15:24:But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.
Jesus stated he came for Israel,it does not state he came for the Jews....