Perhaps the strongest argument for the view that the author of Genesis 1 did not want to be taken literally
is a comparison of the order of creative acts in Genesis 1 and Genesis 2. Genesis 1 shows us an order of
creation that does not follow a 'natural order' at all. For example, there is light (Day 1) before there are any
sources of light--the sun, moon, and stars (Day 4). There is vegetation (Day 3) before there was any
atmosphere (Day 4 when the sun was made) and therefore there was vegetation before rain was possible.
Of course, this is not a problem per se for an omnipotent God. But Genesis 2:5 says: When the Lord God
made the earth and heavens--and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth, and no plant of the
field had yet sprung up, because the Lord God had not sent rain on the earth, and there was no man to work
the ground." Although God did not have to follow what we would call a natural order in creation, Genesis
2:5 teaches that he did. It is stated categorically: God did not put vegetation on the earth before there was
an atmosphere and rain. But in Genesis 1 we do have vegetation before there is any rain possible or any
man to till the earth. In Genesis 1 natural order means nothing--there are three 'evenings and mornings'
before there is a sun to set! But in Genesis 2 natural order is the norm.
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The conclusionwe may read the order of events as literal in Genesis 2 but not in Genesis 1, or
(much, much more unlikely) we may read them as literal in Genesis 1 but not in Genesis 2. But in any case,
you cant read them both as straightforward accounts of historical events. Indeed, if they are both to be
read literalistically, why would the author have combined the accounts, since they are (on that reading)
incompatible? The best answer is that we are not supposed to understand them that way. In Exodus 14-15
(the Red Sea crossing) and Judges 4-5 (Israels defeat of Syria under Sisera) there is an historical account
joined to a more poetical song that proclaims the meaning of the event. Something like that may be what
the author of Genesis has in mind here.